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Santa Maria Odigitria al Tritone

1596 establishments in Italy1596 establishments in the Papal States16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in ItalyChurches of Rome (rione Colonna)National churches in Rome
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1596Titular churches
Colonna santa Maria Odigitria 01608
Colonna santa Maria Odigitria 01608

Santa Maria Odigitria, sometimes Santa Maria dei Siciliani, is a Roman Catholic church in Rome, located at civico 82 on via del Tritone in the Colonna district. The Confraternity of the Sicilians was officially recognized by the papal bull "Pastoris aeterni" of Pope Clement VIII on 5 February 1594 and immediately began construction. The building, consecrated on 17 August 1596, was from the first the national church of Sicily, then ruled by the Crown of Aragon. Upon the integration of Sicily into Italy, it became regional rather than a national church. It is named after the icon of the Virgin Mary venerated in the church – it is of the Hodegetria ("She Who Shows the Way") type and was brought to Rome from Constantinople. The confraternity also had an oratory adjoining the church, which now displays a painting of Saint Rosalia by the Sicilian painter Gaetano Sottino. During the French occupation of Rome from the end of the 18th century to the start of the 19th century, the church was deconsecrated. It was rebuilt by Francesco Manno between 1814 and 1817. In 1990 its four side chapels were used to display four altar frontals by Giuseppe Migneco (showing popes Leo II, Agaton and Methodius), Salvatore Fiume (Saint Lucy), Sebastiano Milluzzo (Saint Agatha), and Mario Bardi (Saint Rosalia). Pope Paul VI made the church a cardinal deaconry on 12 February 1973 by the apostolic constitution "Romana templa".

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Santa Maria Odigitria al Tritone (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Santa Maria Odigitria al Tritone
Via del Tritone, Rome Municipio Roma I

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Latitude Longitude
N 41.9032 ° E 12.485930555556 °
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Santa Maria d'Itria

Via del Tritone
00187 Rome, Municipio Roma I
Lazio, Italy
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Colonna santa Maria Odigitria 01608
Colonna santa Maria Odigitria 01608
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Fontana del Tritone, Rome
Fontana del Tritone, Rome

Fontana del Tritone (Triton Fountain) is a seventeenth-century fountain in Rome, by the Baroque sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Commissioned by his patron, Pope Urban VIII, the fountain is located in the Piazza Barberini, near the entrance to the Palazzo Barberini (which now houses the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica) that Bernini helped to design and construct for the Barberini, Urban's family. This fountain should be distinguished from the nearby Fontana dei Tritoni (Fountain of the Tritons) by Carlo Francesco Bizzaccheri in Piazza Bocca della Verità which features two Tritons. The fountain was executed in travertine in 1642–43. At its centre rises a larger than lifesize muscular Triton, a minor sea god of ancient Greco-Roman legend, depicted as a merman kneeling on the sum of four dolphin tailfins. His head is thrown back and his arms raise a conch to his lips; from it a jet of water spurts, formerly rising dramatically higher than it does today. The fountain has a base of four dolphins that entwine the papal tiara with crossed keys and the heraldic Barberini bees in their scaly tails.The Tritone, the first of Bernini's free-standing urban fountains, was erected to provide water from the Acqua Felice aqueduct which Urban had restored, in a dramatic celebration. It was Bernini's last major commission from his great patron who died in 1644. At the Triton Fountain, Urban and Bernini brought the idea of a sculptural fountain, familiar from villa gardens, decisively to a public urban setting for the first time; previous public fountains in the city of Rome had been passive basins for the reception of public water. Bernini has represented the triton to illustrate the triumphant passage from Ovid's Metamorphoses book I, evoking godlike control over the waters and describing the draining away of the Universal Deluge. The passage that Urban set Bernini to illustrate, was well known to all literate Roman contemporaries: Already Triton, at his call, appears Above the waves; a Tyrian robe he wears; And in his hand a crooked trumpet bears. The sovereign bids him peaceful sounds inspire, And give the waves the signal to retire. His writhen shell he takes; whose narrow vent Grows by degrees into a large extent, Then gives it breath; the blast with doubling sound, Runs the wide circuit of the world around: The sun first heard it, in his early east, And met the rattling echoes in the west. The waters, list'ning to the trumpet's roar, Obey the summons, and forsake the shore. —free translation by Sir Samuel Garth, John Dryden, et al..Two finished terracotta bozzetti at the Detroit Institute of Arts, securely attributed to Bernini, reflect his exploration of the fountain's themes of the intertwined upended dolphins and the muscular, scaly-tailed Triton.