Ober Ost

Nowy Świat (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɨ ˈɕfjat] (listen)), known in English as New World Street, is one of the main historic thoroughfares of Warsaw, Poland. It comprises part of the Royal Route (Trakt królewski) that extends from Warsaw's Royal Castle and Old Town, south to King John III Sobieski's 17th-century royal residence at Wilanów.

The Branicki Residential House is an eclectic-style historic building dating back to 1903, located on Smolna Street in Warsaw, Poland. It currently houses a four-star boutique Hotel Indigo Warsaw, a brand of InterContinental Hotels Group.

Pozdrowienia z Alej Jerozolimskich (meaning "Greetings from Jerusalem Avenues") is an artistic construction in the form of an artificial date palm, designed by Polish artist Joanna Rajkowska, located on the Charles de Gaulle's Roundabout (rondo gen. Charles’a de Gaulle’a) in the Polish capital of Warsaw since December 12, 2002.

The Charles de Gaulle Monument, also known as the Statue of Charles de Gaulle, is a monument in Warsaw, Poland, in the Downtown district placed near the Charles de Gaulle Roundabout, and in front of the Banking and Financial Centre building. It consists of the bronze statue of Charles de Gaulle, a Charles de Gaulle, military officer and statesman who led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II, and served as the President of France. The stague was designed by sculptor Jean Cardot, while its pedestal and surrounding area, by Andrzej Kiciński, Marcin Bednarczyk, and Robert Jaworski. It was unveiled on 15 May 2005.

Bożydar-Kałęczyn was the name of a former jurydyka founded in 1702 near Warsaw. It was founded partly on the land of an existing village called Kałęczyn. The city hall was located at today's address, Nowy Swiat 8/10, by J. Szwarcenberg-Czerny.An informal Jewish settlement called Nowa Jerozolima (New Jerusalem in Polish) existed here (in the western part of what is now the city of Warsaw). Built by August Sułkowski, the settlement was demolished shortly after its foundation and most of the Jews eventually moved to the city itself. However, it gave the name to one of the principal streets of Warsaw, the Aleje Jerozolimskie.

Krasiński Library (Biblioteka Krasińskich w Warszawie) was a library in Warsaw, founded in 1844. During the German invasion and occupation of Poland, part of the building was destroyed and its collections were stolen, redistributed, or burned. Its surviving collections are now at the National Library of Poland.

Smolna (Polish: Ulica Smolna) is one of the streets of Warsaw's city centre. It is entirely contained in the Śródmieście district, and runs for approximately 400m, orthogonal to the Vistula river. It is a one-way street, running eastwards from Charles de Gaulle roundabout to Jerusalem Avenue, approximately 1 km west of the river.

The Duchy of Warsaw (Polish: Księstwo Warszawskie, French: Duché de Varsovie, German: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a Polish client state of the French Empire established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars. It comprised the ethnically Polish lands ceded to France by Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. It was the first attempt to re-establish Poland as a sovereign state after the 18th-century partitions and covered the central and southeastern parts of present-day Poland. The duchy was held in personal union by Napoleon's ally, Frederick Augustus I of Saxony, who became the Grand Duke of Warsaw and remained a legitimate candidate for the Polish throne. Following Napoleon's failed invasion of Russia, the duchy was occupied by Prussian and Russian troops until 1815, when it was formally divided between the two countries at the Congress of Vienna. The east-central territory of the duchy acquired by the Russian Empire was subsequently transformed into a polity called Congress Poland, and Prussia formed the Grand Duchy of Posen in the west. The city of Kraków, Poland's cultural centre, was granted "free city" status until its incorporation into Austria in 1846.

Congress Poland, Congress Kingdom of Poland, or Russian Poland, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a polity created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a semi-autonomous Polish state and successor to Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. It was established in the ethnically Polish lands ceded by the French to the Russian Empire following Napoleon's defeat. In 1915, during World War I, it was replaced by the German-controlled nominal Regency Kingdom until Poland regained independence in 1918. Following the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland ceased to exist as an independent state for 123 years. The territory, with its native population, was split between the Habsburg monarchy, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire. After 1804, an equivalent to Congress Poland within the Austrian Empire was the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also commonly referred to as "Austrian Poland". The area incorporated into Prussia and subsequently the German Empire had little autonomy and was merely a province – the Province of Posen. The Congress Kingdom of Poland was theoretically granted considerable political autonomy by the liberal constitution. However, its rulers, the Russian Emperors, generally disregarded any restrictions on their power. It was, therefore, little more than a puppet state in a personal union with the Russian Empire. The autonomy was severely curtailed following uprisings in 1830–31 and 1863, as the country became governed by viceroys, and later divided into governorates (provinces). Thus, from the start, Polish autonomy remained little more than fiction.The capital was located in Warsaw, which towards the beginning of the 20th century became the Russian Empire's third-largest city after St. Petersburg and Moscow. The moderately multicultural population of Congress Poland was estimated at 9,402,253 inhabitants in 1897. It was mostly composed of Poles, Polish Jews, ethnic Germans and a small Russian minority. The predominant religion was Roman Catholicism and the official language used within the state was Polish until the failed January Uprising when Russian became co-official as a consequence. Yiddish and German were widely spoken by their native speakers. The territory of Congress Poland roughly corresponds to modern-day Kalisz Region and the Lublin, Łódź, Masovian, Podlaskie and Holy Cross Voivodeships of Poland as well as southwestern Lithuania and a small part of the Grodno District of Belarus. The Kingdom of Poland effectively came to an end with the Great Retreat of Russian forces in 1915 and was succeeded by the Government General of Warsaw, established by the Germans. In 1917, part of this was renamed as the short-lived Kingdom of Poland, a client state of the Central Powers, which had a Regency Council instead of a king.

The Siege of Warsaw took place between April 24 and July 1, 1656. Swedish Empire forces had occupied the Polish capital without fighting in early September 1655 (see Deluge (history)). In late April 1656, Poles and Lithuanians began the siege, with the purpose of recapturing their capital. They were successful, but later lost the city for a second time after a battle held on July 28–30, 1656 (see Battle of Warsaw (1656)).

Masovian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Mazowieckie) was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland, and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 1526 to the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1795). Together with Płock and Rawa Voivodeships, it formed the province of Masovia. Its area was 23,200 km2., divided into ten lands (see ziemia). The seat of the voivode was Warsaw, local sejmiks also convened in Warsaw, at St. Martin's church.

The Capital City of Warsaw, simply known as Warsaw, was an independent city of Warsaw, that functioned as the voivodeship of Poland, from 1919 to 1939. In 1931, it had a population of 1 171 898, and the area of 123 km². It was an enclave surrounded by the Warsaw Voivodeship.