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Britannia Bridge

1970 disasters in the United Kingdom1970 fires1970s fires in the United KingdomBridges completed in 1850Bridges in Anglesey
Bridges in GwyneddCross-sea bridges in EuropeDouble-decker bridgesFires in EnglandGrade II listed bridges in WalesGrade II listed buildings in AngleseyGrade II listed buildings in GwyneddLlanfairpwllgwyngyllMenai StraitPentirRailway bridges in WalesRoad-rail bridges in the United KingdomRoad bridges in WalesTrain and rapid transit firesTruss arch bridgesTubular bridgesUse British English from September 2014
Britannia Bridge Train crossing 3
Britannia Bridge Train crossing 3

Britannia Bridge (Welsh: Pont Britannia) is a bridge in Wales that crosses the Menai Strait between the Isle of Anglesey and city of Bangor. It was originally designed and built by the noted railway engineer Robert Stephenson as a tubular bridge of wrought iron rectangular box-section spans for carrying rail traffic. Its importance was to form a critical link of the Chester and Holyhead Railway's route, enabling trains to directly travel between London and the port of Holyhead, thus facilitating a sea link to Dublin, Ireland.Decades before the building of the Britannia Bridge, the Menai Suspension Bridge had been completed, but this structure carried a road rather than track; there was no rail connection to Anglesey before its construction. After many years of deliberation and proposals, on 30 June 1845, a Parliamentary Bill covering the construction of the Britannia Bridge received royal assent. At the Admiralty's insistence, the bridge elements were required to be relatively high in order to permit the passage of a fully rigged man-of-war. In order to meet the diverse requirements, Stephenson, the project's chief engineer, performed in-depth studies on the concept of tubular bridges. For the detailed design of the structure's girders, Stephenson gained the assistance of distinguished engineer William Fairbairn. On 10 April 1846, the foundation stone for the Britannia Bridge was laid. The construction method used for the riveted wrought iron tubes was derived from contemporary shipbuilding practices; the same technique as used for the Britannia Bridge was also used on the smaller Conwy Railway Bridge. On 5 March 1850, Stephenson himself fitted the last rivet of the structure, marking the bridge's official completion. On 3 March 1966, the Britannia Bridge received Grade II listed status.A fire in May 1970 caused extensive damage to the Britannia Bridge. Subsequent investigation determined that the damage to the tubes was so extensive that they were not realistically repairable. The bridge was rebuilt in a quite different configuration, reusing the piers while employing new arches to support not one but two decks, as the new Britannia Bridge was to function as a combined road-and-rail bridge. The bridge was rebuilt in phases, initially reopening in 1972 as a single-tier steel truss arch bridge, carrying only rail traffic. Over the next eight years more of the structure was replaced, allowing for more trains to run and a second tier to be completed. The second tier was opened to accommodate road traffic in 1980. The bridge was subject to a £4 million four-month in-depth maintenance programme during 2011. Since the 1990s, there has been talk of increasing road capacity over the Menai Strait, either by extending the road deck of the existing bridge or via the construction of a third bridge.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Britannia Bridge (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Britannia Bridge
North Wales Expressway,

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Wikipedia: Britannia BridgeContinue reading on Wikipedia

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N 53.216388888889 ° E -4.1858333333333 °
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Britannia Bridge

North Wales Expressway
LL61 5YH , Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll
Wales, United Kingdom
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Britannia Bridge Train crossing 3
Britannia Bridge Train crossing 3
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Third Menai Crossing
Third Menai Crossing

The Third Menai Crossing (or (A55) 3rd Menai Crossing) was a proposed bridge over the Menai Strait, connecting the Isle of Anglesey with mainland Wales. The bridge was proposed to carry the A55 as a dual carriageway, and would have superseded the current A55 Britannia Bridge. There were proposals for a tunnel in 2001, but were deemed implausible. The first proposals for a bridge were made in 2007 and with a preferred route for the bridge being selected in 2018. The crossing was projected to cost £400 million and take seven years to build. While no exact bridge design had been confirmed, a third-party suggested it be held up by statues of Bendigeidfran. In June 2021, the Welsh Government indefinitely paused the proposal's progress as part of a review of road building projects over concerns of climate change emissions. In December 2022, the government had set 2030 as a "likely" date for the bridge's completion but did not formally commit whether the project would go ahead. On 14 February 2023, the Welsh Government announced the entire project would not go ahead, citing efforts to reduce car usage, its environmental impact and it being a "blot" on the landscape. The "Menai Corridor" public transport strategy review is to be set up to replace plans for the formerly proposed crossing, with recommendations to be presented by the North Wales Transport Commission by mid-2023. Issues with financing the project was later stated by the government as another reason why the project could not proceed. Lee Waters, deputy minister for climate change, later stated the crossing could be considered again as part of a wider review into the infrastructure of North Wales, rather than individually. The review into North Wales' infrastructure did not support a third crossing, but recognised that there may be future reasons to consider it.

Marquess of Anglesey's Column
Marquess of Anglesey's Column

The Marquess of Anglesey's Column (also known as Anglesey Column or by the Welsh name Tŵr Marcwis) is a Doric column near the Menai Strait in Wales. It is dedicated to Henry William Paget (the first Marquess of Anglesey) to commemorate his valour in the Napoleonic Wars. The column is a Grade II* listed building.The 27-metre-high (89 ft) monument (designed by Thomas Harrison) was erected close to Paget's country retreat at Plas Newydd, in 1817. On the foundation stone there is an inscription, which also reads in Welsh and Latin; The inhabitants of the counties of Anglesey and Caernarvon have erected this column in grateful commemoration of the distinguished military achievements of their countryman HENRY WILLIAM, MARQUESS OF ANGLESEY the leader of the British Cavalry in Spain throughout the arduous Campaign of 1807 and Second in Command of the Armies confederated against France at the memorable battle of Waterloo on the 18th of June 1815. Thomas Harrison Architect. During the battle of Waterloo, Paget (at that time Lord Uxbridge) lost his leg to a cannonball hit. It is claimed he turned to Lord Wellington when his leg was hit, and exclaimed, "By God, sir, I've lost my leg!" – to which Wellington replied, "By God, sir, so you have!". Paget was later fitted with the first ever articulated wooden leg.The column stands on an outcrop of blueschist rock, formed when pillow lavas have been metamorphosed under high pressure but relatively low temperature. This example is amongst the oldest known in the world, and in 2010 the site was declared a Geological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is a star feature of the GeoMôn UNESCO Global Geopark