Kharkiv (river)

The Hetman Mazepa Cossack Research Center (Ukrainian: Науково-дослідний Центр козацтва імені гетьмана Мазепи; Russian: Научно-исследовательский Центр казачества имени гетмана Мазепы) is a public scientific organization, created in Kharkiv in 2003, for research into the historical, patriotic, military, spiritual and cultural traditions of the Ukrainian Cossacks, and on modern Cossack activities in Ukraine. The Center is named for the early 18th-century Ukrainian hetman, Ivan Mazepa. For its scientific achievements, the Center's staff has received awards from the President of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Cabinet, the Kharkiv regional state administration and regional parliament, and other public recognition.

The Kharkiv Cathedral Mosque, also known as Khavidrali Mosque, (Ukrainian: Харківська соборна мечеть) is located in Kharkiv, Ukraine. The mosque was originally built in 1905, demolished by Soviet communists in 1936, and rebuilt in 2006.

The Annunciation Cathedral (Ukrainian: Свято-Благовіщенський кафедральний собор; Russian: Благовещенский собор) is the main Orthodox church of Kharkiv, Ukraine. The pentacupolar Neo-Byzantine structure with a distinctive 80-meter-tall bell tower was completed on 2 October 1888, from designs by a local architect, Mikhail Lovtsov. The church was consecrated in 1901, and the earlier Annunciation church was then pulled down. The candy-striped cathedral supplanted the older Assumption Cathedral as the main church of Kharkiv and was one of the largest and tallest churches of the Russian Empire. The icon screen used to be of Carrara marble. The church was frescoed in a style derived from St Vladimir's Cathedral in Kyiv. On 3 July 1914 the church became recognized as the city's cathedral. The cathedral was closed to worshippers in 1930, but it was reopened during the German occupation in 1943. The church was then in the hands of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and harbored a school, though claims abound that it was later used as a warehouse. Since 1946 the cathedral has been the seat of the Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv eparchy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), while the Intercession Convent has served as the bishop's residence. The Ecumenical Patriarch Athanasius III and several saintly bishops are buried in the cathedral.

The Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets (Russian: Украинская Народная Республика Советов, romanized: Ukrainskaya Narodnaya Respublika Sovjetov) was a short-lived (1917–1918) Soviet republic of the Russian SFSR that was created by the declaration of the Kharkiv All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets "About the self-determination of Ukraine" on 25 December [O.S. 12 December] 1917 in the Noble Assembly building in Kharkiv. Headed by the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine formed earlier in Kursk. The republic was later united into the Ukrainian Soviet Republic and, eventually, liquidated, because of a cessation of support from the government of the Russian SFSR when the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed.

The Don Soviet Republic (Russian: Донская советская республика, romanized: Donskaya Sovetskaya Respublika) was a short-lived Soviet republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic that existed from March to May 1918. Claiming the territory of the Don Host Oblast, the republic was proclaimed in March 1918 after the retreat of the White Army from the area. In May, after the revolt of the Don Cossacks and the German advance into the region as a result of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the republic was overthrown and its leaders fled. The Don Cossacks' Don Republic took over the territory of the Don Soviet Republic.

The Ukrainian Soviet Republic (Russian: Украинская Советская Республика, romanized: Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Respublika) was one of the names of the earlier Soviet Ukrainian quasi-state formations (Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets), a pro-Bolshevik Soviet government that resided in Kharkiv.

Chobotarska Synagogue is a Jewish religious building located at 17 Chobotarska Street in the City of Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. A "Yeshiva Ketana" and a "Yeshiva Gedola" of the Kharkiv Jewish community are located nearby. The synagogue was designed by architect Boris Isaakovich Gershkovich in 1912. The opening took place the following year. The building is made of brick. The synagogue has a yellow facade with triple windows on the ground floor and single windows on the second floor which are framed by white cornices and arches. Chobotarska Synagogue operated from 1912 until the 1930s when it was closed, and the traffic police department was placed instead in the synagogue building by the Soviet authorities. After Ukraine gained independence, in 2003, the building was returned to its original owners. A Jewish school was opened. On the morning of March 15, 2022, the Yeshiva of the Kharkiv Jewish Community was damaged during a full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. A rocket or shrapnel pierced the roof of the building.

The Tsentralnyi Rynok (Ukrainian: Центральний ринок, (listen); Russian: Центральный рынок) is a station on Kharkiv Metro's Kholodnohirsko–Zavodska Line. The station was opened on 23 August 1975. It is located in the central part of Kharkiv, near the №2 bus station and the Tsentralny Rynok, literally Central Market, for which the station is named. In the beginning, a station named Kommynalnyi Rynok was planned to be built in the Blagoveschenskyi Raion. But during the examining pre-construction stage, the hydro-geological circumstances proved to be too poor for the construction of the station. As a result, the station was planned to be located some way to one side. The station is lain shallow underground and is a single-vault design with a rounded ceiling. The station itself was designed by V.A. Spivachuk, and engineered by P.D Pashkov and Y.V. Lysenko. The partitions tracks have been held by grey marble, which has been introduced in traditional Ukrainian folk relief designs. The floor has been paved with multi-coloured polished granite, which is reminiscent of a carpet-like design. Wide stairs which lead passengers to a station vestibule are located on both ends of the station, which gives the station an open feeling. The walls of the vestibule are decorated with light-grey and light-rose coloured marble. The Tsentralny Rynok station is unique because it has a rounded ceiling which is held up with numerous rose marble columns. These columns were added in 1996 after serious deterioration of the ceiling caused by high levels of precipitation due to heavy rain fall in the summer of that year. However, during the column additions to the station, a task which lasted about a year, the station continued to be in full operation. Tsentralny Rynok Station is located near Dim Trohivli (a four-story department store), Avto Vokzal 2 (a bus terminal) and the Kharkiv Yeshiva Ketana (a Jewish religious school for boys).

Osnovianskyi District (Ukrainian: Основ'янський район) is an urban district of the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine, named after a neighborhood in the city Osnova. The district was established in January 1919 as Petynsko-Zhuravlivskyi. In September 1924, it was renamed Chervonozavodskyi. In 2016, it was renamed to its current name to comply with decommunization laws.

Kharkiv National University of Arts named after I. P. Kotlyarevsky (or Kharkiv Conservatory or Kharkiv National I. P. Kotlyarevsky University of Arts) is the leading music and drama institution of higher education in Ukraine. The university trains about 900 undergraduates, graduates and postgraduates in music and theatre art. It enjoys Level IV accreditation, which is the highest under Ukraine's national standards, and is licensed to train foreign students.

The Istorychnyi Myzei (Ukrainian: Історичний музей, (listen); literally "Historic Museum") is a station on Kharkiv Metro's Saltivska Line. The station was opened on 10 August 1984 and is currently the southwesternmost terminus of the Saltivska Line. It is located beneath the Maidan Konstytutsii, literally Constitution square in the historical part of Kharkiv, and is named for the historical museum which is located on the square. The station, inspired by the history of Kharkiv, has shaped columns and a relief-type ceiling in the station vestibule which give the feeling of the protected fort, which stood at this location during the 17th and 18th centuries. Also, the arrow-shaped arcs between the columns are reminiscent of fort gates. The columns are finished in a light colored marble Koelga and the tunnel walls are finished with brown marble and heraldic items made from bronze, which provide contrast. The Istorychniy Muzei station is located deep underground and is a pylon trivault and was designed by V.A. Spivachuk, P.G. Chechalnitskiy, and I.T. Karpenko; engineered by P.D. Pashkov, V.D. Shtuchkin, and L.P. Hryshyna; and was decorated by P.D. Chernova, V.E. Hutnik; I.I. Morgunov, O.Y. Erofeeva, V.V. Chursin, and V.D.Semenyuk. Istorychniy Muzei forms a complex with the adjacent Maidan Konstytutsii station on the Kholodnohirsko-Zavodska Line. Transfer tunnels from one station to another are located in the centre of the station. Also, four escalators lead into a spacious underground vestibule which is located under the Constitution Square. The vestibule is connected with the underground passenger tunnel which leads onto the square, to the Sums`ka Street, the largest street in Kharkiv, to the Universytets`ka Street, and to the Bursatskyi Descent. In 1985, during the finishing of the transfer tunnel from the Istorychniy Muzei to the Ploshcha Konstytutsii station, a closed-circuit television (CCTV) system was installed, the first in the Kharkiv Metro. Currently, all stations on the system have CCTV. The installation of this system allowed the workers of the metro to keep passengers in order and maintain more effective control over the escalators.

The Second Battle of Kharkov or Operation Fredericus was an Axis counter-offensive in the region around Kharkov against the Red Army Izium bridgehead offensive conducted 12–28 May 1942, on the Eastern Front during World War II. Its objective was to eliminate the Izium bridgehead over Seversky Donets or the "Barvenkovo bulge" (Russian: Барвенковский выступ) which was one of the Soviet offensive's staging areas. After a winter counter-offensive that drove German troops away from Moscow but depleted the Red Army's reserves, the Kharkov offensive was a new Soviet attempt to expand upon their strategic initiative, although it failed to secure a significant element of surprise. On 12 May 1942, Soviet forces under the command of Marshal Semyon Timoshenko launched an offensive against the German 6th Army from a salient established during the winter counter-offensive. After a promising start, the offensive was stopped on 15 May by massive airstrikes. Critical Soviet errors by several staff officers and by Joseph Stalin, who failed to accurately estimate the 6th Army's potential and overestimated their own newly raised forces, facilitated a German pincer attack on 17 May which cut off three Soviet field armies from the rest of the front by 22 May. Hemmed into a narrow area, the 250,000-strong Soviet force inside the pocket was exterminated from all sides by German armored, artillery and machine gun firepower as well as 7,700 tonnes of air-dropped bombs. After six days of encirclement, Soviet resistance ended, with the remaining troops being killed or surrendering. The battle was an overwhelming German victory, with 280,000 Soviet casualties compared to just 20,000 for the Germans and their allies. The German Army Group South pressed its advantage, encircling the Soviet 28th Army on 13 June in Operation Wilhelm and pushing back the 38th and 9th Armies on 22 June in Operation Fridericus II as preliminary operations to Case Blue, which was launched on 28 June as the main German offensive on the Eastern Front in 1942.