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Group of Four Trees (Jean Dubuffet)

French artOutdoor sculptures in New York City
Dubuffet Group of Four Trees 1972 NYC
Dubuffet Group of Four Trees 1972 NYC

Group of Four Trees is an abstract outdoor sculpture completed in 1972 by the French 20th-century artist Jean Dubuffet. Originally commissioned by the American banker and philanthropist David Rockefeller, the work measures 43 feet and is installed in the public plaza of 28 Liberty Street (formerly One Chase Manhattan Bank Plaza) between Nassau Street and Pine Street in Financial District, Manhattan.Dubuffet, a leading figure in the Art Brut movement, considered Group of Four Trees as part of his Hourloupe series. The series, originating from ballpoint pen doodles in 1962, features flat, interlocking shapes and striated coloring in red, white, and blue against black backgrounds. At the time of installation, Group of Four Trees was the largest outdoor sculpture in New York City and was said to have dramatized "the increasing environmental interdependence between architecture and outside sculpture" in the 1970s.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Group of Four Trees (Jean Dubuffet) (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Group of Four Trees (Jean Dubuffet)
Fosun Plaza, New York Manhattan

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Fosun Plaza

Fosun Plaza
New York, Manhattan
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Dubuffet Group of Four Trees 1972 NYC
Dubuffet Group of Four Trees 1972 NYC
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28 Liberty Street
28 Liberty Street

28 Liberty Street, formerly known as One Chase Manhattan Plaza, is a 60-story International style skyscraper in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City, between Nassau, Liberty, William, and Pine Streets. The building was designed by Gordon Bunshaft of the firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). Opened in 1961, it is 813 feet (248 m) tall. 28 Liberty Street occupies only about 28 percent of its 2.5-acre (1.0 ha) site. It consists of 60 above-ground stories, a ground-level concourse, and five basement levels. The tower is surrounded by a plaza that contains a sunken Japanese rock garden, designed by Isamu Noguchi, to the south. The building's design is similar to that of SOM's earlier Inland Steel Building in Chicago. It contains a stainless steel facade with black spandrels below the windows. The superstructure contains 40 steel columns, arranged around the perimeter and clustered around the core to maximize usable space. There were only 150 private offices for the 7,500 employees who worked in the tower upon its opening. David Rockefeller, Chase's executive vice president, proposed the tower in the 1950s as a means to keep the newly merged Chase Manhattan Bank within Lower Manhattan while merging its 8,700 employees into one facility. Construction started in early 1957, and though the tower opened in early 1961, the basements and plaza were not opened until 1964. Despite some early challenges, One Chase Manhattan Plaza was nearly fully occupied from its opening, with numerous financial and legal tenants. The building was renovated in the early 1990s, and Chase moved its headquarters in 1997. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building a landmark in 2008. Chase Manhattan's parent company JPMorgan Chase sold the building to Chinese investment company Fosun in 2013; the building was subsequently renamed 28 Liberty Street.

Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building, also known as 33 Liberty Street, is a building in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City, which serves as the headquarters of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The building occupies the full block between Liberty, William, and Nassau Streets and Maiden Lane; it narrows at its east end, following the footprint of the block. The Federal Reserve Building has fourteen above-ground stories and five basement levels, designed by York and Sawyer with decorative ironwork by Samuel Yellin of Philadelphia. Its facade is separated horizontally into three sections: a base, midsection, and top section. The stone exterior is reminiscent of early Italian Renaissance palaces such as Florence's Palazzo Strozzi and Palazzo Vecchio. The horizontal and vertical joints of the facade's stones are deeply rusticated. The Federal Reserve Building's gold vault rests on Manhattan's bedrock, 80 feet (24 m) below street level and 50 feet (15 m) below sea level. The vault contains the largest known monetary-gold reserve in the world, with about 6,190 short tons (5,620 metric tons) in storage as of 2019. The building was erected from 1919 to 1924, with an eastward extension built in 1935. The Federal Reserve Building's design and scale was largely praised upon its completion. The building was designated a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1966 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1980. It is a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, an NRHP district created in 2007.

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Louise Nevelson Plaza
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