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Härsbacka mine

1895 establishments in Sweden1946 disestablishments in Sweden19th-century establishments in Stockholm County20th-century disestablishments in Stockholm CountyEnvironmental issues in Sweden
Feldspar mines in SwedenFormer mines in SwedenPegmatite minesQuartz mines in SwedenUnderground mines in SwedenÖsteråker Municipality

Härsbacka mine (Swedish: Härsbacka gruva) is a quartz and feldspar mine. It was once Sweden's foremost quartz mine. The mine was closed in 1946. The quartz and feldspar mined in Härsbacka are the main constituent of a large pegmatite dyke. This pegmatite dyke dips about 60 to 70° to the southeast and has a maximum thickness of 37 m. While quartz and feldspar are mostly mixed, pure zones of either occur. Most feldspar is pink microclineperthite and much lesser amounts are white oligoclase. There are lesser quantities of biotite, garnet, molybdenite and fluorite. About 230,000 tons of quartz have been mined in total from Härsbacka mine. In 1947 the mine was bought by Statens Vattenfallverk to turn it into an oil storage depot and it functioned as such until 1985 when it was emptied. Since 1997 the mine is fully flooded by groundwater. In 2021 the Geological Survey of Sweden was tasked with investigating contaminants in the mine.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Härsbacka mine (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Härsbacka mine
Margretelundsvägen, Österåkers kommun

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N 59.480397222222 ° E 18.38855 °
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Härsbacka gruva (Härsbackagruvan)

Margretelundsvägen
184 62 Österåkers kommun
Sweden
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Kodjupet
Kodjupet

Kodjupet is a strait in Sweden's Stockholm Archipelago. Along with the Oxdjupet strait, it is one of two shipping routes connecting the open sea to the city of Stockholm, passing either side of the island of Rindö. Today the Kodjupet is suitable only for smaller vessels, due to its narrow and twisting nature together with a minimum water depth of 3.3 metres (11 ft), but it was formerly the principal route for commercial and naval ships. It passes close offshore of the town of Vaxholm. Although winding in nature, the strait runs broadly from north to south on its route from the sea to the city. It is flanked by the islands of Resarö, Edholma and Vaxön to the west, and Stegesund-Hästholmen, Skarpö and Rindö to the east. The very narrow Stegesundet strait provides a short-cut to the northern part of the Kodjupet strait, passing between the islands of Stegesund-Hästholmen and Skarpö. In 1548, Gustav Vasa constructed the Vaxholm Fortress on an islet in the middle of the southern part of the Kodjupet strait between Vaxön and Rindö. The Oxdjupet strait was, at the same time, artificially reduced in depth in order to prevent its use. Thus, the fortress was strategically situated to defend the city of Stockholm against shipborne attacks from the sea. The fortress has resisted several attacks, has been rebuilt on a number of occasions, and still stands. By the latter half of the 19th century, the Kodjupet strait was proving problematic for the period's larger ships, and in 1879 the main shipping route into Stockholm was diverted to use the Oxdjupet strait, which was dredged to remove its previous artificial obstructions. The strait is crossed by the Vaxholmsleden car ferry, which connects Vaxholm to Rindö, and by the Kastellet ferry, an electrically powered cable ferry that provides passenger access to Vaxholm Fortress.