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The Tombs

1838 establishments in New York (state)Egyptian Revival architecture in the United StatesFive Points, ManhattanGovernment buildings completed in 1838Government buildings completed in 1902
Government buildings completed in 1941Government buildings in ManhattanInfrastructure completed in 1838Infrastructure completed in 1902Infrastructure completed in 1941Jails in New York CityJohn Haviland buildingsNew York City Department of CorrectionPrisons in New York CitySkyscrapers in ManhattanUse mdy dates from February 2021
Manhattan Detention Complex north building
Manhattan Detention Complex north building

The Tombs is the colloquial name for the Manhattan Detention Complex (formerly the Bernard B. Kerik Complex), a municipal jail in Lower Manhattan at 125 White Street, and also the nickname for three previous city-run jails in the former Five Points neighborhood of lower Manhattan, an area now known as the Civic Center. The original Tombs was officially known as the Halls of Justice, built in 1838 in the Egyptian Revival architectural style. It was a replacement for the Colonial-era Bridewell Prison located in City Hall Park, built in 1735 and demolished in 1838. The new structure incorporated material, mainly granite, from the Bridewell to save money.The four buildings known as The Tombs were: 1838–1902, New York City Halls of Justice and House of Detention 1902–1941, City Prison 1941–1974, Manhattan House of Detention 1983–present, Manhattan Detention Complex (known as the Bernard B. Kerik Complex from 2001 to 2006)

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The Tombs
Centre Street, New York Manhattan

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N 40.716611111111 ° E -74.001388888889 °
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Manhattan Civil Courthouse

Centre Street 111
10013 New York, Manhattan
New York, United States
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www1.nyc.gov

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Manhattan Detention Complex north building
Manhattan Detention Complex north building
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Centre Street (Manhattan)
Centre Street (Manhattan)

Centre Street is a north–south street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, running through the Civic Center, Chinatown, and Little Italy neighborhoods of Lower Manhattan. It connects Park Row to the south with Spring Street to the north, where it merges with Lafayette Street. Centre Street carries northbound traffic north of Reade Street and two-way traffic between Reade Street and the Brooklyn Bridge. As late as 1821, there was no Centre Street. The area was previously occupied by the Collect Pond, a body of fresh water that was the nascent city's primary supply of drinking water, covering approximately 48 acres (190,000 m2) and running as deep as 50 feet (15 m). The pond was located just north of today's Foley Square and just west of modern Chinatown. It had been drained and the new street grid built over it a decade earlier. However, there was no street built between Pearl and Reade Streets. Cross Street (which came over from the nearby area that would several years later be dubbed the "Five Points") ran all the way through to Reade, and a single block ran from Reade to Chambers, and afterwards turned east and ran into Chatham Street (future Park Row). In the previous century, this block, then ending at the Collect Pond, was labeled "Potter's Hill". North of Pearl Street, a separate street occupying the alignment was called "Collect Street". By 1828, it would be renamed Centre Street, but still end at Pearl from the north. As late as 1836, one map would still show this arrangement, but in another the full alignment would be in place.In colloquial usage, "Centre Street" may refer to the several courts or government offices along the street in the vicinity of Foley Square. 1 Centre Street is the Manhattan Municipal Building, 40 Centre Street is the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse (home of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit), 60 and 80 Centre Street are the civil division of the New York County Supreme Court, and 100 Centre Street is the criminal division of the New York County Supreme Court. That courthouse lent its address to a short-lived TV show of the same name. The courthouse is also home to the office of the Manhattan District Attorney, although its entrance is at 1 Hogan Place. 111 Centre Street is the New York City Civil Court. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene is at 125 Worth Street, at the corner of Centre Street. Farther north, 240 Centre Street was the headquarters of the New York Police Department from 1909 until 1973, although that building is now residential. Additionally, the Museum of Chinese in America is located at 215 Centre Street, in Chinatown.The northbound M1 runs on Centre Street between Grand Street and Lafayette Street. The BMT Nassau Street Line runs under Centre Street south of Kenmare Street, stopping at Canal Street and Chambers Street.

New York City draft riots
New York City draft riots

The New York City draft riots (July 13–16, 1863), sometimes referred to as the Manhattan draft riots and known at the time as Draft Week, were violent disturbances in Lower Manhattan, widely regarded as the culmination of white working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War. The riots remain the largest civil and most racially charged urban disturbance in American history.U.S. President Abraham Lincoln diverted several regiments of militia and volunteer troops after the Battle of Gettysburg to control the city. The rioters were overwhelmingly white working-class men who feared free black people competing for work and resented that wealthier men, who could afford to pay a $300 (equivalent to $6,300 in 2020) commutation fee to hire a substitute, were spared from the draft.Initially intended to express anger at the draft, the protests turned into a race riot, with white rioters attacking black people, in violence throughout the city. The official death toll was listed at either 119 or 120 individuals. Conditions in the city were such that Major General John E. Wool, commander of the Department of the East, said on July 16 that, "Martial law ought to be proclaimed, but I have not a sufficient force to enforce it."The military did not reach the city until the second day of rioting, by which time the mobs had ransacked or destroyed numerous public buildings, two Protestant churches, the homes of various abolitionists or sympathizers, many black homes, and the Colored Orphan Asylum at 44th Street and Fifth Avenue, which was burned to the ground. The area's demographics changed as a result of the riot. Many black residents left Manhattan permanently with many moving to Brooklyn. By 1865, the black population had fallen below 11,000 for the first time since 1820.

Postmasters Gallery

Postmasters is a contemporary art gallery located in Manhattan's Tribeca neighborhood, owned and directed by Magda Sawon and Tamas Banovich. The Postmasters gallery opened in the East Village in December 1984, moved to SoHo in 1989, and relocated to Chelsea in September 1998. In June 2013 Postmasters moved to 54 Franklin Street in Tribeca, taking over a 4,500-square-foot (420 m2) ground-floor space complete with large functional basement.The gallery has a history of exhibiting work in media that is challenging for a commercial art gallery, including the work of several Net.artists and political activists. For example, Maciej Wisniewski's media-rich e-mail software Netomat was exhibited as an artwork at the gallery in 1999 before being exhibited at the Whitney Museum of Art in 2000. The gallery's decision to exhibit software as an art form engages the Marshall McLuhan-coined concept "The medium is the message" by updating it with Wisnieski's belief that the artist's role is to challenge the existing notion of software development and distribution.' And in May 2010, Chatroulette became both medium and subject for artists Eva & Franco Mattes AKA 0100101110101101.ORG.On September 6, 2001, German-born artist Wolfgang Staehle, installed three live-feed video projections in the gallery, one of which was a panoramic view of Lower Manhattan, which would remain on view for the rest of the month. The feed captured the terrorist attacks of September 11th, transforming a fixed image of the city into what the art critic Roberta Smith of The New York Times called "a live history painting." In 2007, Hong Kong-based artist and Internet activist Kenneth Tin-Kin Hung exhibited a video critical of the George W. Bush Administration entitled "Because Washington Is Hollywood for Ugly People".On occasion, Sawon has allowed artists to direct the public's attention to her own role as an art dealer. In 1992 the gallery hosted an exhibition of work by Silvia Kolbowski that featured posters of the gallery itself. In an event called "Ask the Dealer," during the month-long Hashtag Class series at Winkleman Gallery in 2010, Sawon promised to truthfully answer any question asked of her regarding her experience as a gallerist.