Luisenstadt

The Battle of Berlin (November 1943 to March 1944) was a bombing campaign against Berlin by RAF Bomber Command along with raids on other German cities to keep German defences dispersed. Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Harris, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C) Bomber Command, believed that "We can wreck Berlin from end to end if the USAAF come in with us. It will cost us between 400 and 500 aircraft. It will cost Germany the war".Harris could expect about 800 serviceable heavy bombers for each raid, equipped with new and sophisticated navigational devices such as H2S radar. The USAAF, having recently lost many aircraft in attacks on Schweinfurt, did not participate. The Main Force of Bomber Command attacked Berlin sixteen times but failed in its object of inflicting a decisive defeat on Germany. The Royal Air Force lost more than 7,000 aircrew and 1,047 bombers, (5.1 per cent of the sorties flown); a further 1,682 aircraft were damaged or written off. On 30 March 1944, Bomber Command attacked Nuremberg with 795 aircraft, 94 of which were shot down and 71 were damaged. The Luftwaffe I. Jagdkorps recorded the loss of 256 night fighters from November 1943 to March 1944.The Luftwaffe retaliated with Unternehmen Steinbock (Operation Capricorn) against London and other British cities from January to May 1944. The Luftwaffe managed to assemble a force of 524 bombers but Steinbock caused little damage for the loss of 329 aircraft, a greater percentage loss per raid and overall than that suffered by Bomber Command over Germany.There were many other air raids on Berlin by the RAF, the USAAF Eighth Air Force and Soviet bombers. The RAF was granted a battle honour for the bombardment of Berlin by aircraft of Bomber Command from 1940 to 1945.

The Sportvereinigung Dynamo (German: Sportvereinigung Dynamo ) (Dynamo Sports Association) was the sport association of the security agencies (Volkspolizei, Ministry for State Security, fire department and customs) of former East Germany. The association was founded on 27 March 1953 and was headquartered in Hohenschönhausen in East Berlin. From the date of its inception, the permanent president of SV Dynamo was the Minister of State Security Erich Mielke. The Minister of State Security served as First chairman of the association, while the Minister of the Interior served as the Second chairman of the association. The financial and material resources of the SV Dynamo were almost exclusively provided by the Ministry of State Security. Erich Mielke was dismissed as First chairman in December 1989. His position was not replaced. SV Dynamo was dissolved in 1990.Dynamo was set up following the multi-sports club model developed in the Soviet Union and adopted throughout Eastern Europe. From the beginning it had an overtly political as well as sporting agenda and its many successes were always portrayed as a triumph of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). SV Dynamo was dissolved during the Peaceful Revolution. The association had a membership of over 280,000 members at its height. Athletes of the association enjoyed considerable success both in national and international competitions, winning for example more than 200 Olympic medals. After German reunification in 1990 the systematic doping of Dynamo athletes from 1971 until 1989 was revealed by the German media. Doping was done under the supervision of the Stasi and with full backing of the government.

Jannowitz Bridge (German: Jannowitzbrücke) is a bridge over the Spree River in Berlin. The bridge connects Heinrich Heine Straße and Brückenstraße in Mitte with Alexanderplatz.

Berlin Jannowitzbrücke is a station in the Mitte district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn lines , , , and and the U-Bahn line . It is located next to the Jannowitz Bridge (Jannowitzbrücke) and is a public transport interchange. South of the station is Brückenstraße (“bridge street”) and north of it are Holzmarkstrasse and Alexanderstraße. The station also serves as a stop for various private excursion and sightseeing boats, among others, those of the Stern und Kreisschiffahrt and Reederei Riedel companies.

Alexa Centre (German: Alexa Einkaufszentrum) or simply Alexa, is a shopping centre near Alexanderplatz in Berlin, Germany. With a rental area of 56,200 m2 (605,000 sq ft), it was the second-largest shopping centre in Berlin at the time of its opening, after Gropius Passagen, but Alexa was the largest in terms of number of shops (180 vs. 151). Over one million people visit the Alexa Centre per month (for example, there was an average of 1.1 million visitors during the first quarter of 2009).

The Chinese Ambassador to Germany is the official representative of the People's Republic of China to the Federal Republic of Germany.

The Institute for Climate Protection, Energy and Mobility (German: Institut für Klimaschutz, Energie und Mobilität e.V. – short IKEM) conducts research into issues of climate change mitigation in the interplay between law, economics and politics. Based in Berlin and Greifswald, IKEM was established as a non-profit organization in 2009 and is affiliated to the University of Greifswald as an independent research institute. IKEM has been recognized as a non-governmental organisation by the United Nations Economic and Social Council since 2017 and has special consultative status there. Michael Rodi is Chairman of the Association and Director of the Institute. Other members of the Executive Board are Christian Held (Deputy Chairman) and Simon Schäfer-Stradowsky. The scientific Advisory Board consists of: Christian Held, Jelena Bäumler, Thorsten Beckers, Stephan Breidenbach, Volker Bühner, Olaf Däuper, Dörte Fouquet, Manfred Greis, Valentyn Gvozdiy, Friedrich-Wilhelm Hagemeyer, Barbara Hendricks, Florian Hertweck, Wolfgang Köck, Hans Kreisel, Michael Lehmann, Karsten Lemmer, Michael Mehling, Jörg Müller, Joachim Müller-Kirchenbauer, Sabine Nallinger, Friedbert Pflüger, Barbara Praetorius, Martin Pudlik, Rudi Rienzner, Roman Ringwald, Michael Sauthoff, Susanne Stoll-Kleemann, Juliane Thimet, Jürgen Trittin, Dodo Vögler and Alexander Vogt.

The Parochialkirche (literally the Reformed parochial church) is a Reformed church in the Klosterviertel neighbourhood of the Mitte borough in Berlin. The church, now a listed building, was built between 1695 and 1703. It is the oldest church in Berlin built as a Protestant place of worship. The church is now used and owned by the congregation of St. Mary's and St. Peter's, the merger of the parishes in the historical city center concluded on 23 September 2005. The congregation forms part of the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia, a Protestant regional church body comprising Lutheran, Reformed and united Protestant congregations.

The Märkisches Museum (Marcher Museum; originally Märkisches Provinzial-Museum, i.e. Museum of the Province of the March [of Brandenburg]) is a museum in Mitte, Berlin. Founded in 1874 as the museum of the city of Berlin and its political region, the March of Brandenburg, it occupies a building on the northern edge of Köllnischer Park, facing the Spree, which was designed by Ludwig Hoffmann and completed in 1908. It is now the main facility of the Stiftung Stadtmuseum Berlin, Landesmuseum für Kultur und Geschichte Berlins, the City of Berlin museum foundation, which also operates four other sites.

Königsstädtisches Theater was the name of different theater buildings in Berlin in the 19th and 20th century. The first Königsstädtisches Theater was built by Carl Theodor Ottmer in Königsstadt, a former settlement neighboring Berlin that is today part of the boroughs of Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg and Friedrichshain, and opened in 1824. Its first director was Karl Friedrich Cerf, who managed it until his death in 1845. An Aktiengesellschaft from its inception, the theater had to rely on financial support by the King of Prussia. When the monarchy stopped its support in 1840, the theater fell on hard times. Involvement in the German revolutions of 1848–49 meant that the theater was closed in 1851 by royal decree.Cerf's son, Rudolf Cerf, had inherited the license and the name from his father, and named the building used by Circus Renz "Königsstädtisches Theater" from 1852 to 1854. The license then was sold to Franz Wallner, a popular actor, who used the name for his own Wallner-Theater until 1858. In the following years, a number of different theaters used the name but none achieved any lasting success. The original theater building was used for various purposes after its closure. It was demolished in 1932.

Köllnischer Park is a public park located near the River Spree in Mitte, Berlin. It is named after Cölln, one of the two cities which came together to form Berlin; the park location was originally just outside it. Approximately 1 hectare (2.5 acres) in area, the park came into existence in the 18th and 19th centuries on the site of fortifications. It was redesigned as a public park in 1869–73 and was further modified in the 20th century with the addition of first a bear enclosure, the Bärenzwinger, and later a permanent exhibition of sculpture, the Lapidary. The park is a registered Berlin landmark.The park contains five buildings, the first of them being the Märkisches Museum, a complex of buildings. The complex was built between 1907 and 1907, and was designed by Ludwig Hoffmann. The second was the Bärenzwinger, next to the south entrance to the park. This was built between 1938 and 1939 on the site of a former sanitation depot, and was designed by Ludwig Hoffmann. The Bärenzwinger has contained up to five bears at once, however no longer contains any following the death of Schnute, Berlin's last official city bear in 2015. At the east end of the park there is the Landesversicherungsanstalt building, a large office building designed by Alfred Messel, to be the headquarters of the Landesversicherungsanstalt, an insurance company. The fourth building is the AOK building, a six-storey steel-framed office building built from purplish brick, on the south side of the park, opposite the Bärenzwinger. The final building is the Volksbadeanstalt, on the western side of the park. It was built in 1888 as a public bath.

The Franziskaner-Klosterkirche was a church in the Mitte district of Berlin, founded in 1250 and now in ruins.