place

Bissoe

Hamlets in Cornwall
Bissoe Valley geograph.org.uk 640342
Bissoe Valley geograph.org.uk 640342

Bissoe (Cornish: Besow, meaning birch trees) is a hamlet in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated five miles (8 km) east of Redruth in a former tin mining area. It is in the civil parish of Kea. Bissoe was the site of an early arsenic extraction works, the second such commercial works in Britain. Frederick Hamilton Davey succeeded his father as Works Manager of the Cornwall Arsenic Company's factory at Bissoe in 1902, having acted as his father's assistant for several years. The name is believed to derive from the Cornish word besow meaning birch trees. Bissoe is the home of a small number of businesses, Bissoe Bike Hire, a concrete products company and an environmental waste management company called Clear-flow Ltd. The Bissoe Trail is a world famous cycling trail. Many bikes have been claimed by the challenging conditions of the trail. Bissoe lies on the Coast to Coast Trail long-distance footpath and cycle trail. The trail is 11 miles (17.5 km) long and links the interior of west Cornwall to the harbour of Portreath on the north coast and the former port of Devoran in the south. The trail follows the course of now-disused railways formerly used to carry imported coal and extracted minerals for export. Bissoe Valley Nature Reserve lies to the south of the hamlet.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Bissoe (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 50.2305 ° E -5.1199 °
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Address


TR4 8SU , Kea
England, United Kingdom
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Bissoe Valley geograph.org.uk 640342
Bissoe Valley geograph.org.uk 640342
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Carnon viaduct
Carnon viaduct

The Carnon viaduct carries a railway line from Truro to Falmouth – now branded the Maritime Line – over the valley of the Carnon River in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. The viaduct is situated half-a-mile (800 metres) northeast of Perranwell station which is five miles (8 km) from the line's terminus at Falmouth and three miles (5 km) from its junction with the Cornish main line at Truro.The present nine-arch masonry viaduct replaced an earlier 19th-century structure designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the Cornwall Railway. The original viaduct was opened to traffic when the line was extended from Truro to Falmouth in 1863 and had a timber deck supported by timber trestles springing from eleven masonry piers. It was 756 feet (230 m) long and 96 feet (29 m) high.The present viaduct is of roughly the same dimensions as the original. It was built by A E Farr CIvil Engineers of Westbury for the Great Western Railway as an entirely new structure immediately south of its predecessor and it cost £40,000. It has nine arches and opened to traffic in June 1933. The timberwork of the original structure was dismantled and removed but its masonry piers still stand beside the replacement viaduct. Construction of the original structure posed specific problems not encountered at the sites of other viaducts in Cornwall. The tidal limit of Restronguet Creek extended further up the Carnon River valley than it does today and at the site of the viaduct the valley floor then consisted of intertidal mudflats and a great quantity of silt washed down from the numerous mines upstream. This soft layer was over 20 feet (6.1 m) thick and "...not an ideal foundation for a 96ft high viaduct."After exploratory drillings, the engineering contractors sunk cast iron caissons through the silt to the bedrock at each pier location. The cylindrical caissons, 16 feet (4.9 m) in diameter, were then emptied of silt so that masonry footings could be built from the rock up to surface level, pumps being employed to keep the workings dry. This added to the cost of construction but proved entirely satisfactory as Carnon was among the last of the original Cornwall railway viaducts to be replaced.

Great County Adit
Great County Adit

The Great County Adit, sometimes called the County Adit, or the Great Adit was a system of interconnected adits that helped drain water from the tin and copper mines in the Gwennap area of Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. Construction started in 1748 and it eventually reached a length of over 40 miles (64 km) of a tunnel, providing drainage to over 100 mines at an average depth of 80–100 metres (260–330 ft).The adit was the brainchild of John Williams (born 1714) of Scorrier who was the manager of Poldice mine. Although work was started in 1748, it did not reach Poldice mine until the late 1760s. By 1778 the adit had been extended past Wheal Busy to Wheal Peevor, and another branch, known as the Consols Adit was driven west in the 1770s and 80s to drain the Consolidated Mines and United Mines. By 1792 a branch from Poldice extended to Wheal Unity. The portal of the adit is in the Carnon Valley below the hamlet of Twelveheads. In 1839, probably at its peak, it discharged over 14.5 million gallons (66 million litres) of water per day into the Carnon River. At that time the adit had more steam engines pumping into it than were used by the whole of continental Europe and America combined.The Carnon River empties into Restronguet Creek (a tidal arm of the Carrick Roads upstream from Falmouth). Major floods in the winter of 1876 caused large quantities of gangue and silt to be washed into the higher part of Restronguet Creek, permanently damaging navigational access to the upper quays at Devoran.Although all the mines served by the Great County Adit have closed and it is unmaintained, it still drains many of their underground workings today; in the summer of 1980 the flow was 500,000 gallons per day.