American Woolen Mill Housing District

The American Woolen Company Townhouses are a collection of brick townhouses built c. 1907 by the American Woolen Company in Lawrence, Massachusetts. They were part of a program of company-built housing between 1906 and 1910 that included the nearby American Woolen Mill Housing District. The townhouses are located on a series of short streets off Market Street in South Lawrence. A historic district comprising these six buildings was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.The townhouses stand on a large parcel of land 100 feet (30 m) deep, with 475 feet (145 m) of frontage on Market Street. The lot has been divided into three sections, each of which contains two townhouses facing each other across a central private road (Wood Way, Washington Way, and Prospect Way). The short ends of the townhouses face Market Street. When originally built the central areas provided foot access to the units, but they have been paved over and are now used for parking.The six buildings are identical in all major details, and were designed by local architect James E. Allen. Each one is a two-story brick 98 feet (30 m) long and 39 feet (12 m) deep, and houses seven living units. Each unit presents 14 feet (4.3 m) of frontage into the central area. There are minor variations in the front facades of the units. In some cases the entries of adjacent units are paired, and some entries or entry pairs are sheltered by a pilastered pediment. The rear of all units was substantially identical: a recessed porch, set under a segmented arch, provided access to the unit's back door.

The Wood Worsted Mill is located at South Union St. and Merrimack Street, on the south bank of the Merrimack River, in Lawrence, Massachusetts. The mill building was constructed between 1906 and 1909 for the American Woolen Company, and was dubbed by some locals as the "eighth wonder of the world" due to its size. It is a six-story brick building that is 1,300 feet (400 m) long and 125 feet (38 m) high, and encompasses some 17 miles (27 km) of aisles. Its purpose when built was to perform the complete textile manufacturing cycle of worsted woolens, from raw material to finished fabric, under a single roof.The surviving mill elements include the main building and a portion of a storehouse. The storehouse is a seven-story brick building located just east of the main building, of which approximately half remains from its original construction. The two sections (of an original four) were demolished in 2009, along with a number of other structures in the complex, including sections of the main mill building.The main mill building as it now stands is divided into four parts, featuring Romanesque Revival styling executed in brick with granite and cast stone detailing. The first is an office section, which protrudes from the main body. Like the main part of the building it is six stories, but is topped by a clock tower. The other three sections were originally labelled D, E, and F, and extend eastward from the office. Section D is 33 window bays, E is 42, and F 45 window bays in length. There are three stairwell towers that interrupt the pier-and-spandrel construction of the length of the building on its south (street-facing) elevation. These stairhouses are where entry is gained to the premises, through doorways recessed under arches. The north facade, facing the river, is uniformly window bays, broken only by wrought iron fire escapes and a few bricked-up bays where the building was connected to the demolished A, B, and C sections via covered bridges over a railroad spur.The mill complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 12, 2010. At the time of the listing, section D was being converted to residential housing.

The North Canal Historic District of Lawrence, Massachusetts, encompasses the historic industrial heart of the city. It is centered on the North Canal and the Great Stone Dam, which provided the waterpower for its many mill complexes. The canal was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, while the district was first listed in 1984, and then expanded slightly in 2009.The city of Lawrence was founded by industrialist Abbott Lawrence and the associates of the Essex Company as a model industrial city. In 1845 they company acquired land from then towns of Methuen and Andover and began construction on the North Canal and the Great Stone Dam. The work included dredging and building out of "new land", and effectively created a small island between the Merrimack River and the canal, whose outlet is at the mouth of the Spicket River. Work on these two major features was completed in 1848, and development of the city, which formally incorporated in 1853, proceeded from there. The historic district encompasses, in addition to the canal and the dam, the mill-related buildings on the island and on the north side of the canal, as well as a few buildings that front on Methuen and Union Streets, or the connecting side streets. The 2009 expansion of the district, included a single building, the Morehouse Bakery building at 5-9 Mill Street.

The Senator Patricia McGovern Transportation Center, also known as the McGovern Transportation Center or simply Lawrence station, is a transit station in Lawrence, Massachusetts. It serves the MBTA Commuter Rail Haverhill Line and Merrimack Valley Regional Transit Authority local bus service. The station, which opened in 2005, is the latest of seven distinct stations located in Lawrence since 1848; it is located in the city's Gateway District.

The Pemberton Mill was a large factory in Lawrence, Massachusetts. It suddenly collapsed and occupants were crushed or burned alive on January 10, 1860, in what has been called "the worst industrial accident in Massachusetts history" and "one of the worst industrial calamities in American history." An estimated 88 to 145 workers were killed and 166 injured.Investigators attributed the disaster to substandard construction that was then drastically overloaded with second-floor equipment, all evident and preventable. The event was cited in improvements to industrial construction and workplace safety. The mill was soon rebuilt in place.

Lawrence Heritage State Park is a history-themed public recreation area dedicated to preserving the industrial heritage of Lawrence, Massachusetts. The state park comprises three separate units on or near the Merrimack River. It is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.

The Lawrence Experiment Station, now known as the Senator William X. Wall Experiment Station, was the world's first trial station for drinking water purification and sewage treatment. It was established in 1887 in Lawrence, Massachusetts. A new, 22,000-square-foot (2,000 m2) building opened in 1954 at 37 Shattuck Street. In 1975, the station was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers. In 1993, the facility was renamed after state senator William X. Wall, who had lobbied for the construction of the new station in the 1950s.

The former Daniel Saunders School is a historic school building at 243 S. Broadway in Lawrence, Massachusetts. The two story Classical Revival building was built in 1931, replacing a previous school building on the same site that was destroyed by fire. It is faced in yellow Flemish brick, trimmed with cast stone, over a concrete block frame. The main entrance is in a slightly projecting bay that extends the full height of the building, topped by a triangular pediment and flanked by pilasters. The side ends of the building also have slightly projecting central bays, with round arch windows on the second floor and doorways topped by pedimented hoods with scrolled brackets.The school, like the one it replaced, was named for Daniel Saunders, a key figure in the founding of Lawrence and the town's first treasurer. This building was designed by local architect Joseph G. Morissette, who is known primarily for his ecclesiastical projects. It was one of three schools whose construction was authorized in June 1931, which were built for a combined cost of about $174,000.The Saunders School served the first through third grades for most of its life, but in its later years served only as a kindergarten facility. It was formally closed in 2006, and sold in 2009. It has been rehabilitated to provide sixteen housing units for homeless families; it is the first facility of this type in the state.The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

The Essex Company Offices and Yard, at 6 Essex Street in Lawrence, Massachusetts, are the historic headquarters of the Essex Company, which was responsible for Lawrence's founding in 1847 and development in the 19th century. These facilities were built in 1883–84, and consist of a street-facing office building and four others: a carpenter's shop, foundry, garage, and storage building. They were designed by Hiram Mills, the Essex Company's chief engineer. It is currently the home of the Lawrence History Center's Immigrant City Archives and Museum. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and included in the North Canal Historic District in 1984.

Grace Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church building at Common and Jackson Streets in Lawrence, Massachusetts. The site on which it as built has been used for religious facilities since 1846, around the time of Lawrence's founding. This simple Gothic Revival stone structure was built in 1852, replacing an earlier wooden chapel, and was enlarged in 1892. The church is also notable for its association with the Lawrence family: William Lawrence, grandson of founder Abbott Lawrence, became its minister in 1876.The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

The Everett Mills are a group of buildings consisting of the Everett and Stone Mills in Lawrence, Massachusetts. A former cotton textile mill, it was the site of the start of the Bread and Roses strike in 1912 and the one time workplace of Robert Frost.

The Great Stone Dam (also called the Lawrence Dam or Lawrence Great Dam) was built between 1845 and 1848 on the site of Bodwell's Falls on the Merrimack River in what became Lawrence, Massachusetts. The dam has a length of 900 feet (270 m) and a height of 35 feet (11 m).Lawrence is in Essex County, Massachusetts, approximately 25 miles (40 km) north of Boston and only a few miles south of the New Hampshire border (Salem), located in the Merrimack Valley. The dam is 11 miles (18 km) downstream from Lowell and is visible from Route 28 (Broadway) in Lawrence and from behind the Pacific Paper Mill (now defunct).The dam feeds two canals (North, re-built in 1848, and South, completed in 1896). At their peak, the North Canal provided up to 13,000 horsepower and the South Canal 2,000 horsepower; the Essex Company sold "mill rights" to its water power, allowing mills to use the energy provided. The North Canal existed before the dam, but was redeveloped both to better feed the mills and to accommodate the 30-foot (9.1 m) drop caused by the dam. About a mile in length, the canal had a guard lock and three lift locks with mitered gates. The locks were abandoned in the 1960s.Today the dam is the site of a hydroelectric plant, completed in 1981, which is owned by Central Rivers Power USA (now parent company of the Essex Company, which still owns the dam) and the Lawrence Hydroelectric Associates.