Freedom Monument, Bytom

The Duchy of Bytom (Polish: Księstwo Bytomskie) or Duchy of Beuthen (German: Herzogtum Beuthen) was one of many Silesian duchies. It was established in Upper Silesia about 1281 during the division of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz among the sons of Duke Władysław Opolski. The duchy's capital was Bytom (Beuthen), formerly part of Lesser Poland until in 1177 the Polish High Duke Casimir II the Just had attached it to the Silesian Duchy of Racibórz.

Bytom (Polish pronunciation: [ˈbɨtɔm] ; Silesian: Bytōm, Bytōń, German: Beuthen O.S.) is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. Located in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland, the city is 7 km northwest of Katowice, the regional capital. It is one of the oldest cities in the Upper Silesia, and the former seat of the Piast dukes of the Duchy of Bytom. Until 1532, it was in the hands of the Piast dynasty, then it belonged to the Hohenzollern dynasty. After 1623 it was a state country in the hands of the Donnersmarck family. From 1742 to 1945 the town was within the borders of Prussia and Germany, and played an important role as an economic and administrative centre of the local industrial region. Until the outbreak of World War II, it was the main centre of national, social, cultural and publishing organisations fighting to preserve Polish identity in Upper Silesia. In the interbellum and during World War II, local Poles and Jews faced persecution by Germany. After the war, decades of the Polish People's Republic were characterized by a constant emphasis on the development of heavy industry, which deeply polluted and degraded Bytom. After 1989, the city experienced a socio-economic decline. The population has also been rapidly declining since 1999. However, it is an important place in the cultural, entertainment, and industrial map of the region.

Mater Dolorosa (in English: Crying or Sorrowing Mother) Cemetery is a historical cemetery in Bytom, Poland. Its origins date to the 19th century, with a Neo-Gothic chapel, designed by Hugo Heer, dating from 1882. It is the most important cemetery in the city, and has been designed as a monument since 1987. The cemetery is situated at the junction of Jainty, Kwietniewskiego and Piekarska streets, Mater Dolorosa Cemetery is Bytom's most important necropolis.Its monuments have been recorded in a video 'walking tour'.During a 2009 vote the cemetery was voted as one of the "Seven Architectural Wonders of the Silesian Voivodeship."

The Anton Kapst Villa in Bytom (Polish: Willa Antona Kapsta w Bytomiu) is a villa constructed in the second half of the 19th century. Located in Bytom, Poland, it is listed in the register of immovable monuments of the Silesian Voivodeship.

Market Square (Polish: Rynek) is a central feature of the Śródmieście district in the city of Bytom, Poland. This market square, the main one in the city, dates to the Middle Ages. It has been rebuilt several times. Notable landmarks on the market square include the Bytom City Hall, and the Sleeping Lion statue (Lew śpiący, Sterbender Löwe). During a 2009 vote the market square was voted as one of the "Seven Architectural Wonders of the Silesian Voivodeship."

The Sleeping Lion (Polish: Lew śpiący, German: Schlafender Löwe) is a monument located in the market square, Bytom, Poland. The monument has become one of Bytom's most notable landmarks.

Silesian Opera in Bytom (Polish: Opera Śląska w Bytomiu) is an opera company in Bytom, Silesia, Poland, that was founded in 1945. Its home is the former City Theatre, designed by architect Albert Bohm, that was built in Neoclassical style between 1898-1901. Adamo Didur was the first artistic director.

Bytom Synagogue or Beuthen Synagogue was a synagogue in Beuthen, in the Prussian Province of Silesia (present-day Bytom, Poland), a border–town between Germany and the Second Polish Republic prior to German invasion of Poland in World War II. After the plebiscite of 1922, the border passed just east of Beuthen, so that neighboring Katowice was in Poland.

Bytom Castle (Polish: Zamek Książąt Śląskich w Bytomiu) is a castle in Bytom, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. The castle was probably built between 1284 and 1299. The princely residence was built on a rectangular plan and was a multi-storey building. The castle in its main part was built of stone, but some buildings were made of wood. Behind the stone gate was a fortified courtyard with a well. For a period in medieval times until the mid-14th century it was the seat of the Dukes of Bytom. In the following centuries the castle was completely demolished and the building blocks derived from it were used in the construction of another.

Szombierki Coal Mine is a former coal mine in Szombierki, Bytom, Poland. It was created in 1870 from several smaller coal fields. From mid-1990s it began to be closed down. In 2004 its winding tower "Krystyna" (formerly Kaiser Wilhelm) was added to the Polish register of monuments.During a 2009 vote the tower was voted as one of the "Seven Architectural Wonders of the Silesian Voivodeship."

The Witczak Winding Tower (Polish: Szyb Witczak) is a peripheral winding tower of the liquidated Centrum Coal Mine in Bytom, Poland. The winding tower stands at 35 meters tall, and is located in the Rozbark district of the city—some 3km from the main structure of the former Centrum Coal Mine. Although the winding tower is not a registered landmark on the Polish national Registry of Cultural Property (Polish: Rejestr zabytków), protection over it was established by the Bytom City Council in 2009.

Stadion im. Edwarda Szymkowiaka (English: Edward Szymkowiak Stadium) is a multi-use stadium in Bytom, Poland. Until 1945 former name of stadium was Hindenburg Stadium. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home of Polonia Bytom. The stadium has a capacity of 5,500 people. It was opened in 1929. On 16 August 1942, the venue hosted an official football match between Germany and Romania, which ended 7–0 for Germany.The venue is named after Edward Szymkowiak, legendary Polonia Bytom and Poland national team goalkeeper.