Carmine Castle

Santa Maria del Carmine (Our Lady of Mount Carmel) is a church in Naples, Italy. It is at one end of Piazza Mercato (Market Square), the centre of civic life in Naples for many centuries until it was cut off from the rest of the city by urban renewal in 1900. The church was founded in the 13th century by Carmelite friars driven from the Holy Land in the Crusades, presumably arriving in the Bay of Naples aboard Amalfitan ships. Some sources, however, place the original refugees from Mount Carmel as early as the eighth century. The church is still in use and the 75–metre bell tower is visible from a distance even amidst taller modern buildings. The square adjacent to the church was the site in 1268 of the execution of Conradin, the last Hohenstaufen heir to the throne of the kingdom of Naples, at the hands of Charles I of Anjou, thus beginning the Angevin reign of the kingdom. Conrad's mother, Elisabeth of Bavaria, founded the church for the good of the souls of her young son and his companion, Frederick of Baden as well as a resting place for their remains, where they remain today. A statue was erected to Conrad's memory, commissioned by then crown-prince, Maximilian II of Bavaria, designed by the Neoclassic sculptor Thorvaldsen, and completed by his pupil Schopf in 1847. In 1647 the square was the site of battles between rebels and royal troops during Masaniello's revolt, and later, in 1799, it was the scene of the mass execution of leaders of the Neapolitan Republic of 1799. The area – including parts of the church premises – was heavily bombed in World War II and still shows the scars of the devastation. The old monastic grounds adjacent to the church now serve as a shelter for the needy and homeless. The church is home to two renowned religious relics: one, the painting of the "Brown Madonna" (Italian: Madonna Bruna), is said to have been brought by the original Carmelites; the second is a figure of the Crucifixion in which the crown of thorns is missing. According to legend, the crown fell off as Christ's head moved when the building was struck by a cannonball in 1439 during the Aragonese siege.

Napoli Porta Nolana station is the main and terminal station of the Circumvesuviana railways, today managed by the Ente Autonomo Volturno (EAV). The station bears this name (derived from nearby Porta Nolana) since 2003; previously the station was simply called Napoli, although it was known colloquially as Napoli Terminale.

Santa Croce e Purgatorio al Mercato is a church in the center of the Piazza Mercato, in Naples, Italy. A religious building has stood at this site since the 13th century when Conradin of Swabia was decapitated by orders of Charles I d'Anjou, on October 29, 1268. A porphyry column at the site read: Asturis ungue, leo pullum rapiens aquilinum; hic deplumavit acephalumque dedit which loosely translates: At the point of Astura, the lion seized the eagle, here without feathers, gave his head. This references the capture of Conradin (eagle) by the Angevin (Lion) at the Torre Astura, and subsequent beheading here without honor. In 1786 it was reconstructed by Francesco Sicuro, and again in 1781, after a fire destroyed the piazza and church. The church was damaged by the earthquake in 1980, and has been closed since then. Originally the church held paintings by Luca Giordano, but these have been transferred to the Museo Civico di Castel Nuovo.

Mercato (Italian for "market") is a neighbourhood or quartiere of Naples, southern Italy. It is in the south-eastern part of the city, bounded by the industrial port of Naples on the south. At the center of the area is the Piazza del Mercato or "market square", the medieval market place of the city. At the apex of the half-moon of the piazza is the church of Santa Croce e Purgatorio al Mercato. Visible to the east and west respectively are the belltowers and parts of the façade of Sant'Eligio Maggiore and the church of Santa Maria del Carmine. The square was the site of the execution of Conradin.It was also where Masaniello's revolt broke out and also the site of the executions after the royalist retaking of the kingdom after the fall of the Neapolitan Republic of 1799. The area was somewhat cut off from the rest of the city, inland, by the urban renewal (risanamento) of the early 1900s. Also, it was severely damaged by bombings in World War II. It is currently (2006) in the midst of ambitious development.

Sant’Eligio Maggiore is a church in Naples, southern Italy. It is located near Piazza Mercato (Market Square), and was built during the reign of Charles of Anjou by the same congregation that built the nearby Sant’Eligio hospital in 1270. It is the first church built in Naples by the Angevin dynasty and therefore the first one in Gotico Angioiano style. The arched passageway that opens onto Piazza Mercato is through the original façade of the church and has since been incorporated into the structure of the ancient hospital. Many of the lines of the original structure came to light in the course of restoration after the bombardments of the World War II.

The church of Santi Cosma e Damiano a Porta Nolana is a Baroque-style church in central Naples. The church was commissioned by the guild of physicians, and built in 1611. The church was located across the Corso Giuseppe Garibaldi from the gate of Porta Nolana. During the 19th century urban renewal, the church was moved (1852) to widen Corso Garibaldi. The interior still contains many frescoes and original canvases. The belltower was added in the 19th century.

Santa Maria la Scala is a Baroque style church in a Piazzetta of the same name in Naples, Italy. The complex was built in 1054, when merchants of the town of Scala in the peninsula of Sorrento, traded with Neapolitans, thus were granted a plot which then stood outside the city walls, to erect a church complex. By the 15th century, the church stood inside the walls of the city. As trade between Naples and Scala declined, the church fell in disuse. The church was reconstructed in the 17th and 18th century as the home of various lay and religious confraternities. The interior is decorated in an elaborate Baroque style. In the 19th century, the church was restored by the architect Francesconi. The interior was redecorated by Lorenzo De Caro. Among those buried in the church are men who were faithful to the Bourbon Monarchy, and who were arrested on June 13, 1799, and the next day executed on the grounds of Capodimonte by a firing squad set up by the Neapolitan Republic of 1799. The executed were Antonio di Lieto, Carloantonio Genovese, Saverio Greco, Carmine Ruggiero, Antonio Russo, and Francesco Vigliotto. Among the interior decorations are a number of paintings from the school of Solimena. Next to the sacristy is an altarpiece depicting St Matthew by Antonio Pascucci. The canvases in the second and third chapels on the right, depicting Madonnas with Saints Francis and John the Baptist, and with Saints Anthony and Phillip were painted by Nicola de Mattheis. The third chapel also has a canvas depicting the Resurrection by Paolillo, a pupil of Andrea di Salerno. The first chapel on the right has a St Anthony by the school of Massimo Stanzione.

The Porta Nolana is the remnant of one of the medieval city gates in Naples, Italy. It is located in Piazza Nolana, near a local train station, Napoli Porta Nolana with the Circumvesuviana lines, and a bustling local pedestrian market, Mercato di Porta Nolano, known for seafood. It takes its name from the road that lead to Nola. The gate was erected in the 15th century by the Spanish authorities using designs of Giuliano da Maiano, to encompass the growing city, and replace the interior gate of the district of Forcella, also known as del Cannavaro, which had been located near the Basilica dell'Annunziata. This gate, unlike it contemporary Porta San Gennaro has lost its frescoes by Mattia Preti, but like Porta Capuana, it retains the flanking bastions (towers) made of Piperno rock: the Torre della Fede (Tower of Faith) to the south, and the Torre della Speranza (Tower of Hope) to the North. The external facade of the arch has a relief of Ferrante I on horseback.

San Giovanni a Mare (Italian: [ˈsan dʒoˈvanni a mˈmaːre] St. John at Sea) is a church in Naples, Italy; located near the docks, not far from the church of Sant'Eligio Maggiore. The Romanesque church was erected by Benedictine monks before the 12th century. By the 13th century, the church was attached to a hostel of the knightly order of Gerosolimitani ("Knights Hospitaller"). For some time, the church too belonged to the knights. The hostel was closed by Napoleonic forces, but was returned to the Church in 1828. The church building has been recently restored. Interior columns are spolia. Arabic and Byzantine influences can be seen in some of the apse columns. Other arches in the dome recall architecture of Amalfi.

The Basilica of San Pietro ad Aram is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church in Naples, Italy. It is located about a block from the church of the Santissima Annunziata on Corso Umberto I.

Santa Maria Egiziaca a Forcella (or church of Santa Maria Egiziaca all'Olmo) is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located in the quartiere di Forcella, in the city of Naples, Italy;

Pendino is one of the 30 quartieri of Naples, southern Italy.It covers an area of 0.63 km2 and in 2009 had a population of 15,588 inhabitants.The neighbourhood is part of the historical city centre (Centro historico), including the Palazzo Como, that houses the Filangieri Civic Museum, on the main north–south street in the area, Via Duomo (the street on which Naples Cathedral is located). The area was one of the most heavily affected by the risanamento, the massive demolitions of the urban renewal of Naples on either side of the year 1900, including the dismantling and repositioning of the aforementioned museum and the very construction of the street, Via Duomo, itself, to provide a main traffic artery to connect the northern side of Naples with the port area.