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Fire of Moscow (1571)

1571 in Russia16th-century fires16th century in MoscowAnti-Russian sentimentFires in Moscow
Massacres in RussiaMilitary raidsRusso-Turkish warsUrban fires in Europe
Facial Chronicle b.22, p. 202
Facial Chronicle b.22, p. 202

The Fire of Moscow occurred on 24 May 1571, when the Crimean and Ottoman Army (8,000 Crimean Tatars, 33,000 irregular Ottomans and 7,000 janissaries) led by the khan of Crimea Devlet I Giray, bypassed the Serpukhov defensive fortifications on the Oka River, crossed the Ugra River into the Moscow suburbs, and rounded the flank of the 35,000 - 40,000-man Russian army.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Fire of Moscow (1571) (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Fire of Moscow (1571)
2-й Красносельский переулок, Moscow Krasnoselsky District

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Latitude Longitude
N 55.783333333333 ° E 37.666666666667 °
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Ново-Алексеевский монастырь

2-й Красносельский переулок 7
107140 Moscow, Krasnoselsky District
Moscow, Russia
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Facial Chronicle b.22, p. 202
Facial Chronicle b.22, p. 202
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Komsomolskaya (Sokolnicheskaya line)
Komsomolskaya (Sokolnicheskaya line)

Komsomolskaya (Russian: Комсомо́льская) is a Moscow Metro station in the Krasnoselsky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya line, between Krasnye Vorota and Krasnoselskaya stations. It is located under Komsomolskaya Square, between the Leningradsky, Yaroslavsky, and Kazansky railway terminals. The station was named for the workers of the Komsomol youth league who helped to construct the first Metro line. It has a transfer at its namesake on the Koltsevaya line. Komsomolskaya was built using the cut and cover method, with construction beginning on 3 May 1933. Temporary bridges were built over the construction site to avoid disrupting traffic, especially the numerous tram routes in the area. To counteract the high water table, the station was built on 636 piles which were driven into the saturated soil. Heavy rains in the summer of 1934 threatened the construction site several times, and at one point even the Kazansky terminal was in danger of collapsing. Nevertheless, the concrete structure of the station was completed by August 26 and Komsomolskaya opened on schedule on May 15, 1935. Due to Komsomolskaya's location under a major transit hub, the station was built with an unusual upper gallery above the platform to help handle rush crowds. The station has tall pillars faced with pinkish limestone and topped with bronze capitals displaying the emblem of the Komsomol league. The station was designed by Dmitry Chechulin, and a model of it was displayed at the 1937 Paris World's fair. The station's southern entrance vestibule is built into the Kazansky Rail Terminal. The northern vestibule is on the opposite side of the square, between the Leningradsky and Yaroslavsky rail terminals. The latter entrance did not survive in its original form, having been replaced with a massive structure serving both this station and the Koltsevaya line station in 1952. There is a short branch line between Komsomolskaya and Krasnoselskaya stations, that leads to the Severnoe Depot. On 15 October 1934 the first Metro train left this depot for a trial run.

Yelokhovo Cathedral
Yelokhovo Cathedral

The Epiphany Cathedral at Yelokhovo (Russian: Богоявленский собор в Елохове), Moscow, is the vicarial church of the Moscow Patriarchs. The surviving building was designed and built by Yevgraph Tyurin in 1837–1845. The original church in the village of Yelokhovo near Moscow was built in 1722-31 for Tsarevna Praskovia Ivanovna. It was there that Alexander Pushkin was baptized in 1799. In 1790 a refectory with a four-tier belfry was built. The present structure was erected in 1837-1845 to a Neoclassical design by Yevgraph Tyurin. The architecture is typical for the late Empire style, with some elements of European eclectics. The riotous opulence of the interior decoration is due to a restoration undertaken in 1912. Upon closing the Kremlin Cathedrals (1918) and the subsequent destruction of both the Cathedral of Christ the Savior (1931) and the Dorogomilovo Cathedral (1938), the chair of Russian Orthodox Church was moved to Yelokhovo, the largest remaining open church in Moscow. The enthronements of Patriarchs Sergius I (1943), Alexius I (1945), Pimen (1970), and Alexius II (1990) took place there. The church has been well-maintained, even in the Soviet era, and is known to have a 1970 air conditioning system using deep subterranean water from a 250 meters (820 ft)-deep artesian aquifer. The Christmas and Easter night services, which featured President Boris Yeltsin and Patriarch Alexius II, were aired on national television until the consecration of the rebuilt Cathedral of Christ the Savior in 2000. The main altar is devoted to the Epiphany and the Baptism of Jesus. The cathedral has two side-chapels: the left one of Saint Nicholas and the right one of the Annunciation. The most popular shrines of the cathedral are those that house the relics of St. Alexius of Moscow and the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

Komsomolskaya Square (Moscow)
Komsomolskaya Square (Moscow)

Komsomolskaya Square (Russian: Комсомо́льская пло́щадь), known as Kalanchyovskaya (Russian: Каланчёвская площадь) before 1932, is a square in Moscow, with a blend of revivalist Tsarist and Stalinist architecture. It is referred to informally as Three Station Square (Russian: Пло́щадь трёх вокза́лов; lit. "Ploshchad' tryokh vokzalov") after the three rail termini situated there: Leningradsky, Yaroslavsky, and Kazansky. These stations connect Moscow with Saint Petersburg, northwestern Russia, the Volga region, and Siberia via the Trans-Siberian Railway. Its origins lay with the construction of the Moscow-Saint Petersburg Railway in the 1840s, when Kalanchyovskoye Field outside the Garden Ring was selected to allocate the Nicholas Railway Station (later renamed Leningradsky). In 1862 the Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal, a terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway, was constructed nearby. On the opposite side of the field the Kazansky Rail Terminal was inaugurated two years later. Until 1909, a railway line leading to Kursky Rail Terminal traversed the square; it is now elevated so as not to interfere with street traffic. During the Soviet period, four other structures were added. Alexey Shchusev designed a Constructivist edifice, the Central Club of Railway Workers, in 1925–1926. The square received its present name, in the honour of the Komsomol (Communist Union of Youth) members, in 1932. A Stalinist skyscraper of the Hilton Moscow Leningradskaya Hotel and a Neoclassical vestibule of the Komsomolskaya-Koltsevaya metro station were completed in the early 1950s. The most recent addition is the Moskovsky department store on the eastern side of the square (1983). In 2003, at the behest of the Ministry of Transportation, a bronze statue of Pavel Melnikov (1804–1880) was erected on the square. Melnikov was the Russian minister of transportation who oversaw the construction of the first railways in Russia.