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Haarlem

Cities in the NetherlandsHaarlemHolocaust locations in the NetherlandsMunicipalities of North HollandPopulated places in North Holland
Provincial capitals of the NetherlandsUse British English from June 2013
HaarlemGroteMarkt1
HaarlemGroteMarkt1

Haarlem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦaːrlɛm] (listen); predecessor of Harlem in English) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland. Haarlem is situated at the northern edge of the Randstad, one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe; it is also part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area. Haarlem had a population of 162,543 in 2021. Haarlem was granted city status or stadsrechten in 1245, although the first city walls were not built until 1270. The modern city encompasses the former municipality of Schoten as well as parts that previously belonged to Bloemendaal and Heemstede. Apart from the city, the municipality of Haarlem also includes the western part of the village of Spaarndam. Newer sections of Spaarndam lie within the neighbouring municipality of Haarlemmermeer.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Haarlem (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Haarlem
Nassaulaan, Haarlem

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 52.383333333333 ° E 4.6333333333333 °
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Address

Nassaulaan 46-RD
2011 PD Haarlem (Haarlem)
North Holland, Netherlands
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Frans Loenenhofje
Frans Loenenhofje

The Frans Loenenhofje is a hofje in Haarlem, Netherlands, on the Witte Heren straat. It was named the "Five room" or Vijfkamer hofje in 1607 after the five new rooms that were built from the proceeds of the will and testament of Frans Loenen (1543–1605). Frans Loenen was a Catholic who fled to Haarlem from Amsterdam in 1578 for their milder disposition toward people of the Old Catholic faith. He left all of his goods to the poor in an extraordinary will drawn up 3 days before he died. His friends gave up trying to sort out his legacy, because most of his property was still located in the Spanish Netherlands, then enemy territory, and some of his money was tied up in outstanding bets. For example, he had bet a small fortune of 16,000 guilders that the siege of Sluis would not last two years. It was decided that a hofje would be the best option, in case any of the bets paid out, which they did. The garden of this hofje used to be part of a famed garden from the St Anthony's monastery, which was founded in 1414. The St. Anthony order was later associated with the Vrouwe- en Antonie Gasthuys and the monastery was inhabited by Norbertine monks in 1484. The Norbertines who tended the garden wore white scapulars. Thus the name of the street; "White gentlemen street". They remained there until 1543, when the monastery lands came under the control of the St. Elisabeth Gasthuis. Their lands were officially confiscated and secularized in 1581 by the city council after the Protestant Reformation, just as all other Catholic buildings and lands in Haarlem after the iconoclasm. For some reason the actual moment of transferral of the deeds only took place fifteen years later in 1596, and the Catholic associations with this property was probably the reason it was selected by the executors of the Frans Loenen will. Two years later, in 1607, the provost Jacobus Zaffius sponsored an additional 5 rooms, thereafter known as the "provost rooms" of the Frans Loenen Hofje. Jacobus Zaffius had been abbot in the St. Anthony's monastery in Heiloo from 1578 to 1571, when he became provost of the Sint-Bavokerk. He witnessed the iconoclasm and 3 years later went to jail for refusal to turn over Catholic property to the city council. William of Orange granted him amnesty, and it was on this occasion that he made his donation to the hofje and in 1611 he had his painting made as a memorial to this fact. The hofje currently has 10 rooms for women, who must have a minimum age of 60 years and who must have lived in Haarlem for five years or longer.

Ten Boom Museum
Ten Boom Museum

The Ten Boom Museum is a museum in Haarlem, the Netherlands, dedicated to The Hiding Place, the subject of a book by Corrie ten Boom. The house where the museum is located was purchased and restored in 1983 by the Corrie ten Boom Fellowship, a non-profit 501(c)(3) corporation governed by a board of directors. Mike Evans serves as the chairman of the Board. The Ten Boom family ran a watch shop (horlogerie) on the corner of an alleyway and the main shopping street of Haarlem, the Netherlands. During the Nazi occupation of Haarlem starting in 1942, they provided safe harbour for Jews and other underground refugees in a hiding place they built upstairs. Their large social network in church charities and watchmaker circles made the family quite successful in smuggling refugees until it was betrayed on February 28, 1944. In the alleyway, it would place a small triangular sign to indicate that the coast was clear. After the betrayal, the Nazis were able to collect many more prisoners by falsely placing the triangle in the window. Casper ten Boom, the father, died on March 9, 1944, less than two weeks later, in Scheveningen prison, at 84. Betsie ten Boom died on December 16 in Ravensbrück concentration camp, at 59. Willem died on December 16, 1946, in Hilversum, at 60. His son Christiaan ("Kik") died sometime in April 1945, at 25. Corrie ten Boom survived Ravensbrück and returned to Haarlem and the watch shop. She died in 1983, on her 91st birthday. She wrote several books about her experiences, and this museum opened on her birthday in 1988. The museum is open from 10:00 to 15:30 Tuesday to Saturday.

Smedestraat 33 (Haarlem)
Smedestraat 33 (Haarlem)

Smedestraat 33 (Dutch: Smedestraat 33) is the address of a doorway in Haarlem. The brickwork of the doorway, including a round false window, is from the second half of the 17th century, and has been declared one of the national monuments of The Netherlands. This brick doorway only recently acquired the lock on the door and was originally an open access gateway to an alley that separated two houses and joined up with the small public garden called the Wijngaardtuin. The lock has been added so it can be used as the front door to access the apartment located above the shop on the left and the house in the rear of number 35 on the right. In the Haarlem shopping district, most former front doors of homes have been replaced by shop fronts extending over the entire property line on the shopping street side. For homes without a rear or side alleyway, the upper apartments have become inaccessible and are used as warehouses. In larger Dutch cities, where many former alleyways have been absorbed into shopfronts, this has led to whole sections of town with very few residents, as there is no room left for access to the upper apartments except from within the shops themselves. Seen as a possible fire hazard and prone to decay, efforts have been made in recent years to "unlock" these inaccessible spaces and make them suitable for student or other rental housing. The city of Haarlem hopes to avoid such situations by formally protecting all historical alleyways and not allowing them to be "added" to shop frontage. In Vermeer's Little Street, two such 17th century alleyways can be seen side by side; neither has such interesting brickwork, however.