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University of Pennsylvania College of Arts & Sciences

1740 establishments in PennsylvaniaCollegiate Gothic architecture in the United StatesEducational institutions established in 1740Educational institutions established in 1755Gothic Revival architecture in Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania

The University of Pennsylvania College of Arts & Sciences (CAS) is the oldest undergraduate college at the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy League university, situated on the university's main campus in University City, Philadelphia. The college traces its roots to the establishment of a secondary school known as Unnamed Charity School in 1740. In 1749, Benjamin Franklin and twenty-one leading citizens of Philadelphia officially founded a secondary school named Academy of Philadelphia. In 1755, the secondary school was expanded to include a collegiate division known as College of Philadelphia. The secondary and collegiate institutions were known collectively as The Academy and College of Philadelphia. The college received its charter from Thomas Penn and Richard Penn. Penn CAS is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-oldest chartered college in the United States. Penn is distinctive for its comprehensive "One University Policy," which allows students to enroll in classes in any of Penn's twelve schools, including the law school and the Wharton School. The college is the 13th most selective undergraduate school in the United States and 6th most selective in the Ivy League having accepted only 8.39% of its applicants for the Class of 2022.

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University of Pennsylvania College of Arts & Sciences
South Street, Philadelphia

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N 39.95 ° E -75.19 °
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Franklin Field

South Street
19104 Philadelphia
Pennsylvania, United States
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1960 NFL Championship Game

The 1960 NFL Championship Game was the 28th NFL title game. The game was played on Monday, December 26, at Franklin Field in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.In addition to the landmark 1958 championship game, in which the Baltimore Colts defeated the New York Giants in sudden death overtime, the 1960 game has also been called a key event in football history. The game marked the lone playoff defeat for Packers coach Vince Lombardi before his Packers team established a dynasty that won five NFL championships, as well as the first two Super Bowls, in a span of seven seasons.The victory was the third NFL title for the Philadelphia Eagles, and was also their last championship until the team won Super Bowl LII 57 years later. The American Football League was in its first season, and held its inaugural title game less than a week later. First-year NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle convinced owners to move the league's headquarters from Philadelphia to New York City, and with Congressional passage of the Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961, received an antitrust exemption that allowed the league to negotiate a common broadcasting network representing all of its teams, helping cement football's ascendancy as a national sport.This was the second and last NFL Championship Game played in Philadelphia, and the only one at Franklin Field: the 1948 Championship Game, held in a snowstorm at Shibe Park, was also won by the Eagles. Ticket prices for the game were ten and eight dollars. This is also the only year from 1958 to 1963 that did not include the New York Giants in the Championship Game.

University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania

The University of Pennsylvania (Penn or UPenn) is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Established in 1740, it is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the highest ranked universities in the world. It is also one of nine colonial colleges chartered before the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Franklin, the university's founder and first president, advocated for an educational institution that trained leaders in academia, commerce, and public service. Penn has four undergraduate schools as well as twelve graduate and professional schools. Schools enrolling undergraduates include the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, the Wharton School, and the School of Nursing. Penn's "One University Policy" allows students to enroll in classes in any of Penn's twelve schools. Among its highly ranked graduate and professional schools are a law school whose first professor wrote the first draft of the United States Constitution, the first school of medicine in North America in 1765, and the first collegiate business school (Wharton School, 1881). Penn is also home to the first "student union" building and organization (Houston Hall, 1896), the first Catholic student club in North America (Newman Center, 1893), the first double-decker college football stadium (Franklin Field, 1924 when second deck was constructed), and Morris Arboretum, the official arboretum of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of June 30, 2021, the university had an endowment of $20.5 billion and in 2019 had a research budget of $1.02 billion. The university's athletics program, the Quakers, fields varsity teams in 33 sports as a member of the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference. As of 2018, distinguished alumni and trustees include 2 Presidents of the United States, 3 U.S. Supreme Court justices, 32 U.S. senators, 163 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, 12 U.S. Cabinet Secretaries, 46 U.S. governors, 8 signers of the Declaration of Independence and 7 signers of the U.S. Constitution, 24 members of the Continental Congress, 9 foreign heads of state, and ambassadors to 51 different countries. As of October 2019, 36 Nobel laureates, 80 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 64 living billionaires, 28 of whom are alumni of Penn's undergraduate schools (one less than leader Harvard) 21 Marshall Scholars, 33 Rhodes Scholars, 16 Pulitzer Prize winners, alumni who have won 20 Tony Awards, 16 Grammy Awards, 11 Emmy Awards, and 4 Academy Awards (Oscars), an EGOT recipient, 43 Olympic medal winners (who won 81 medals, 26 of them gold), 2 NASA astronauts, and 5 United States Medal of Honor recipients have been affiliated with the university.

ENIAC
ENIAC

ENIAC (; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. There were other computers that had these features, but the ENIAC had all of them in one package. It was Turing-complete and able to solve "a large class of numerical problems" through reprogramming.Although ENIAC was designed and primarily used to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory (which later became a part of the Army Research Laboratory), its first program was a study of the feasibility of the thermonuclear weapon.ENIAC was completed in 1945 and first put to work for practical purposes on December 10, 1945.ENIAC was formally dedicated at the University of Pennsylvania on February 15, 1946, having cost $487,000 (equivalent to $5,900,000 in 2020), and was heralded as a "Giant Brain" by the press. It had a speed on the order of one thousand times faster than that of electro-mechanical machines; this computational power, coupled with general-purpose programmability, excited scientists and industrialists alike. The combination of speed and programmability allowed for thousands more calculations for problems. As ENIAC calculated a trajectory in 30 seconds that took a human 20 hours, one ENIAC could replace 2,400 humans.ENIAC was formally accepted by the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps in July 1946. It was transferred to Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland in 1947, where it was in continuous operation until 1955.