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River Effra

DulwichGeography of the London Borough of CroydonGeography of the London Borough of LambethGeography of the London Borough of SouthwarkRivers of London
Subterranean rivers of LondonThames drainage basinUse British English from February 2014
Effra vauxhall 1
Effra vauxhall 1

The River Effra is a former set of streams in south London, England, culverted and used mainly for storm sewerage. It had been a tributary of the Thames. Its catchment waters, where not drained to aquifer soakaways and surface water drains, have been incorporated into 1850s-built combined sewer sectors, devised by Sir Joseph Bazalgette. One drains Peckham, the other Brixton, then intended to flow towards Peckham. These generally flow east to be treated at Crossness. When it rains these sectors can purposefully backup and overflow in two Effra sewers that mirror a known and, from the study of medieval records, a suspected distributary. At least four of these limbs can operate to enable overflow, as opposed to normal flow, and it is not known how many Southwark distributaries ran before the known diversion to Vauxhall was made in the 13th century. Overflows reach two combined sewer overflows that will discharge into the Thames Tideway Tunnel on its completion in 2025. The 13th century ending, a WNW cut – then a dyke – was dug to cut across a low plain of the strip parish of Lambeth and is emulated by a key section of the Southern Low Level Interceptor sewer.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article River Effra (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

River Effra
Vauxhall Bridge, London Vauxhall (London Borough of Lambeth)

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Latitude Longitude
N 51.4872 ° E -0.1257 °
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Vauxhall Bridge

Vauxhall Bridge
SW1P 4FA London, Vauxhall (London Borough of Lambeth)
England, United Kingdom
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Effra vauxhall 1
Effra vauxhall 1
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Vauxhall Bridge
Vauxhall Bridge

Vauxhall Bridge is a Grade II* listed steel and granite deck arch bridge in central London. It crosses the River Thames in a southeast–northwest direction between Vauxhall on the south bank and Pimlico on the north bank. Opened in 1906, it replaced an earlier bridge, originally known as Regent Bridge but later renamed Vauxhall Bridge, built between 1809 and 1816 as part of a scheme for redeveloping the south bank of the Thames. The bridge is built at a location in the river previously served by a ferry. The building of both bridges was problematic, with both the first and second bridges requiring several redesigns from multiple architects. The original bridge, the first iron bridge over the Thames, was built by a private company and operated as a toll bridge before being taken into public ownership in 1879. The second bridge, which took eight years to build, was the first in London to carry trams and later one of the first two roads in London to have a bus lane. In 1963 it was proposed to replace the bridge with a modern development containing seven floors of shops, office space, hotel rooms and leisure facilities supported above the river, but the plans were abandoned because of costs. With the exception of alterations to the road layout and the balustrade, the design and appearance of the current bridge has remained almost unchanged since 1907. The bridge today is an important part of London's road system and carries the A202 road and Cycle Superhighway 5 (CS5) across the Thames.

MI6
MI6

The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence in support of the UK's national security. SIS is one of the British intelligence agencies and the Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service ("C") is directly accountable to the Foreign Secretary.Formed in 1909 as the foreign section of the Secret Service Bureau, the section grew greatly during the First World War officially adopting its current name around 1920. The name "MI6" (meaning Military Intelligence, Section 6) originated as a convenient label during the Second World War, when SIS was known by many names. It is still commonly used today. The existence of SIS was not officially acknowledged until 1994. That year the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (ISA) was introduced to Parliament, to place the organisation on a statutory footing for the first time. It provides the legal basis for its operations. Today, SIS is subject to public oversight by the Investigatory Powers Tribunal and the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament.The stated priority roles of SIS are counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, providing intelligence in support of cyber security, and supporting stability overseas to disrupt terrorism and other criminal activities. Unlike its main sister agencies, Security Service (MI5) and Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), SIS works exclusively in foreign intelligence gathering; the ISA allows it to carry out operations only against persons outside the British Islands. Some of SIS's actions since the 2000s have attracted significant controversy, such as its alleged complicity in acts of enhanced interrogation techniques and extraordinary rendition.Since 1994, SIS headquarters have been in the SIS Building in London, on the South Bank of the River Thames.

Brunswick House
Brunswick House

Brunswick House is a large Georgian mansion in Vauxhall, in the London borough of Lambeth. Brunswick House dates back to the mid seventeenth century (the vaulted cellar still gives an idea of its size). The house was extended in 1758 on freehold land owned by the Dawson family, purchased by Richard Dawson in 1737. In 1776 it was described as a 'mansion house, with offices, coach-house, and stable, lately erected by John Dawson' (Richard Dawson's nephew and heir). The site of the house and gardens measured nearly three acres and included a piece of land with a timber dock on lease from the Dean of Canterbury. In 1791 the house, which was then called Belmont House, was divided into two; the larger or southwestern portion was leased to a Mr David Hunter and the other portion was leased to a Mr William Anderson. Hunter's half was sold to the Gas Light and Coke Company in 1845 and purchased by the London and South Western Railway Company in 1854. In 1811 Anderson's half was purchased by Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. The Duke was a bitter opponent of Napoleon's domination of Germany, and escaped to England after taking part in the Battle of Wagram. He returned to Brunswick in 1813 to raise fresh troops, but two years later was killed at the Battle of Quatre Bras. His part of Belmont House was also purchased by the Gas Company and sold to the Railway Company in 1855. Hymnodist Henry Williams Baker was born at Brunswick (then Belmont) House on May 27, 1821.In January 1860 a fire severely damaged the Eastern part of the house. Within a few years the recently formed London and South West Railway Company had purchased the whole building and re-united the two parts. It became the goods' yard and locomotive works offices with the upper floors given over to a Scientific and Literary Institute for the railway's staff. The house remained in railway ownership until 1994 when it was sold to the railway staff association that was in occupation even though the adjacent railway yards had closed in 1967. The railwayman's association sold the house again in 2002. During the two years from 2002 to 2004 the building was squatted and extensively vandalised. A hundred and fifty years of railwaymen's club's papers and record books were burnt or stolen.Since then a major restoration programme has seen the building brought back into use and is now home to the Brunswick House Cafe and LASSCO's (the London Architectural Salvage and Supply company) antiques showrooms