Jungfernstieg station

The Jungfernstieg (German pronunciation: [ˈjʊŋfɐnʃtiːk]) is an urban promenade in Hamburg, Germany. It is the city's foremost boulevard.

The Alsterhaus is a five-story department store at Jungfernstieg 16–20 in Hamburg that opened in 1912. From 1994 to 2014 it was a branch of the department store group Karstadt (as part of Karstadt Premium GmbH), after which it was made a part of KaDeWe Group GmbH together with Oberpollinger in Munich and the KaDeWe in Berlin. The department store has a sales area of around 24,000 m2 (260,000 sq ft) and specializes in items such as perfume, accessories, clothing and delicatessen. On the fourth floor there is a Le-Buffet restaurant with a view of the Binnenalster. It is open Monday to Saturday from 10 A.M. to 8 P.M. The Alsterhaus also has its own parking garage, which can be reached via Poststraße and Bei der Stadtwassermühle street.

The Colonnaden (the colonnades, pl. also in German lang.) is a shopping street in Neustadt quarter, Hamburg, Germany. The street, now largely a pedestrian zone, forms a diagonal junction from Jungfernstieg boulevard to Esplanade/Stephansplatz. It has a rich tradition and was dubbed a "Prachtmeile" (lit. splendour mile). Most of the buildings are designed in Renaissance Revival architecture and the north eastern side of the street is formed by arcades.

Binnenalster (pronounced [ˈbɪnənˌʔalstɐ] (listen)) or Inner Alster Lake is one of two artificial lakes within the city limits of Hamburg, Germany, which are formed by the river Alster (the other being the Außenalster). The main annual festival is the Alstervergnügen. The lake has an area of 0.2 square kilometres (0.077 sq mi).

Rathausmarkt (lit. City Hall Marketplace) is the central square of Hamburg, Germany, located in the Altstadt (old town) quarter right in front of the Hamburg Rathaus. Framed by shopping arcades of Alsterarkaden at Alsterfleet, there are many events taking place here, amongst them open air cinema in summer, the Stuttgarter Weindorf (Stuttgart wine village), the music festival of Rockspektakel, and the Christmas market in December.

The Allied bombing of Hamburg during World War II included numerous attacks on civilians and civic infrastructure. As a large city and industrial centre, Hamburg's shipyards, U-boat pens, and the Hamburg-Harburg area oil refineries were attacked throughout the war.As part of a sustained campaign of strategic bombing during World War II, the attack during the last week of July 1943, code named Operation Gomorrah, created one of the largest firestorms raised by the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces in World War II, killing an estimated 37,000 people in Hamburg, wounding 180,000 more, and destroying 60% of the city's houses.Hamburg was selected as a target because it was considered particularly susceptible to attack with incendiaries, which, from the experience of the Blitz, were known to inflict more damage than just high explosive bombs. Hamburg also contained a high number of targets supporting the German war effort and was relatively easy for navigators to find. Careful research was done on behalf of both the RAF and USAAF to discover the optimum mix of high explosives and incendiaries. Before the development of the firestorm in Hamburg, there had been no rain for some time and everything was very dry. The unusually warm weather and good conditions ensured that the bombing was highly concentrated around the intended targets, and helped the resulting conflagration create a vortex and whirling updraft of super-heated air which became a 460-metre-high (1,510 ft) tornado of fire. Various other previously used techniques and devices were instrumental as well, such as area bombing, Pathfinders, and H2S radar, which came together to work with particular effectiveness. An early form of chaff, code named 'Window', was successfully used for the first time by the RAF – clouds of aluminium foil strips dropped by Pathfinders as well as the initial bomber stream – in order to completely cloud German radar. The raids inflicted severe damage to German armaments production in Hamburg.

The Great fire of Hamburg began early on May 5, 1842, in Deichstraße and burned until the morning of May 8, destroying about one third of the buildings in the Altstadt. It killed 51 people and destroyed 1,700 residences and several important public buildings, necessitating major civic rebuilding and prompting infrastructure improvements. The heavy demand on insurance companies led to the establishment of reinsurance.

The Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie; MPI-M) is an internationally renowned institute for climate research. Its mission is to understand Earth's changing climate. Founded in 1975, it is affiliated with the Max Planck Society and the University of Hamburg, and is based in Hamburg's district of Eimsbüttel. Its founding director was the Nobel laureate Klaus Hasselmann. The current managing director is Bjorn Stevens.

Hamburg City Hall (German: Hamburger Rathaus, pronounced [ˈhambʊʁɡɐ ˈʁaːthaʊs]) is the seat of local government of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany. It is the seat of the government of Hamburg and as such, the seat of one of Germany's 16 state parliaments. The Rathaus is located in the Altstadt quarter in the city center, at the Rathausmarkt square, and near the lake Binnenalster and the central station. Constructed from 1886 to 1897, the city hall still houses its original governmental functions with the office of the First Mayor of Hamburg and the meeting rooms for the Parliament and the Senate (the city's executive branch).

The Hamburg tramway network (German: Straßenbahnnetz Hamburg) once formed part of the public transport system in the city and federal state of Hamburg, Germany. Opened in 1866, the network lasted until 1978.

The 20th Century Press Archives (German: Pressearchiv 20. Jahrhundert) comprises about 19 million of newspaper clippings, organized in folders about persons, companies, wares, events and topics. It originates from the Hamburg Kolonialinstitut (colonial institute) founded in 1908. Within the Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWA) it turned into a unique public press archives. In 2007 it was absorbed by the German National Library of Economics (ZBW) and merged with the Wirtschaftsarchiv (economics archive) of the Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW), founded in 1914. Article collection was discontinued by end of 2005, but the archive is still open to the public.

Rathaus station is a Hamburg U-Bahn metro station located at Rathausmarkt in the Altstadt of Hamburg, Germany. The station first opened in 1912 and is named by the Hamburg Rathaus. {Hamburg Isobel Kate Simpson}