Battle of Německý Brod

The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands (Czech: České země, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈzɛmɲɛ]) is a historical-geographical term that, in a historical context, refers the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia together before Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic were formed. Together the three have formed the Czech part of Czechoslovakia since 1918 and the Czech Republic since 1 January 1993. In a historical context, Czech texts use the term to refer to any territory ruled by the Kings of Bohemia, i.e., the lands of the Bohemian Crown (země Koruny české) as established by Emperor Charles IV in the 14th century. This would include territories like the Lusatias (which in 1635 fell to Saxony) and the whole of Silesia, all ruled from Prague Castle at that time. After the conquest of Silesia by the Prussian king Frederick the Great in 1742, the remaining lands of the Bohemian Crown—Bohemia, Moravia and Austrian Silesia—have been more or less co-extensive with the territory of the modern-day Czech Republic.

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,871 square kilometers (30,452 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec. The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became a kingdom in 1198. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, all of the Crown lands of Bohemia were gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. Nearly a hundred years later, the Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Crown lands became part of the Austrian Empire. In the 19th century, the Czech lands became more industrialized, and in 1918 most of it became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic following the collapse of Austria-Hungary after World War I. Czechoslovakia was the only country in Central and Eastern Europe to remain a parliamentary democracy during the entirety of the interwar period. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Nazi Germany systematically took control over the Czech lands. Czechoslovakia was restored in 1945 and three years later became an Eastern Bloc communist state following a coup d'état in 1948. Attempts to liberalize the government and economy were suppressed by a Soviet-led invasion of the country during the Prague Spring in 1968. In November 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended communist rule in the country and restored democracy. On 31 December 1992, Czechoslovakia was peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic and developed country with an advanced, high-income social market economy. It is a welfare state with a European social model, universal health care and free-tuition university education. It ranks 32nd in the Human Development Index. The Czech Republic is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Union, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group.

Bačkov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbatʃkof]) is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Tis is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. Tis lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Havlíčkův Brod, 35 km (22 mi) north of Jihlava, and 88 km (55 mi) south-east of Prague.

Rybníček is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants. Rybníček lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north of Havlíčkův Brod, 42 km (26 mi) north of Jihlava, and 86 km (53 mi) south-east of Prague.

Chrtníč is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. Chrtníč lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-west of Havlíčkův Brod, 43 km (27 mi) north of Jihlava, and 82 km (51 mi) south-east of Prague.

Kámen is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants. Kámen lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of Havlíčkův Brod, 36 km (22 mi) north of Jihlava, and 89 km (55 mi) south-east of Prague.

Malčín is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Malčín lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Havlíčkův Brod, 34 km (21 mi) north of Jihlava, and 89 km (55 mi) south-east of Prague.

Kunemil is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. Kunemil lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-west of Havlíčkův Brod, 37 km (23 mi) north of Jihlava, and 84 km (52 mi) south-east of Prague.

Leškovice is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants. Leškovice lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of Havlíčkův Brod, 41 km (25 mi) north of Jihlava, and 88 km (55 mi) south-east of Prague.

Sázavka is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. Sázavka lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Havlíčkův Brod, 40 km (25 mi) north of Jihlava, and 82 km (51 mi) south-east of Prague.

Služátky is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Služátky lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of Havlíčkův Brod, 35 km (22 mi) north of Jihlava, and 86 km (53 mi) south-east of Prague.