Catholic University of Korea

Hyehwamun (Hangul 혜화문, Hanja 惠化門; also known as Northeast Gate) is one of the Eight Gates of Seoul in the Fortress Wall of Seoul, South Korea, which surrounded the city in the Joseon Dynasty. The gate is also known as Dongsomun (동소문, “East Small Gate”).

Hansung University Station (Korean:한성대입구역) is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 4. It is also called Samseongyo Station. The university with the same name is about a half-mile away from this station. The Holy Spirit Campus of the Catholic University of Korea is located closer, to the southwest.

Hyehwa Station is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 4 in Jongno-gu, Seoul. It is located in the center of the area commonly known as Daehangno, and much of the ridership of this station comes from the nightlife scene. The Seoul National University Yongon campus, housing its Hospital and School of Medicine, is located to the southwest. The station was the center of the 2018-2019 Hyehwa Station protest to rally against discrimination of women and spy camera crimes.

Hakrim Dabang (Korean: 학림다방; Hanja: 學林茶房; RR: Hangnim Dabang) is a historic dabang (cafe) on Daehangno in Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It opened in 1956, and is considered among the oldest active cafes in South Korea, and the oldest active one in Seoul. The dabang has been frequented by many prominent figures in South Korean culture and the arts. It has featured in South Korean cinema and Korean dramas such as My Love from the Star, and remains a popular spot for both local students and tourists. It was made a Seoul Future Heritage in 2013.

Jin A Chun (Korean: 진아춘; Hanja: 進雅春; RR: Jinachun; lit. arrival of a beautiful spring) is a historic Korean Chinese cuisine restaurant in Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It is recognized by the Seoul Metropolitan Government as the second oldest operating restaurant in Seoul, having been founded in 1925.

The third Republic of South Korea was the government of South Korea from December 1963 to November 1972. The Third Republic was founded on the dissolution of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction that overthrew the Second Republic and established a military government in May 1961. Park Chung-hee, the Chairman of the Supreme Council, was elected President of South Korea in the 1963 presidential election. The third republic was presented as a return to civilian government under the National Assembly but in practice was a dictatorship under Park, Supreme Council members, and the Democratic Republican Party. The third republic prioritized South Korea's economic development, anti-communism, and strengthening ties with the United States and Japan. Park was re-elected in the 1967 presidential election, and the National Assembly forced through a constitutional amendment to allow him to seek a third term, and he was re-elected in the 1971 presidential election. Park declared a state of emergency in December 1971 and announced plans for Korean reunification in a joint communique with North Korea in July 1972. Park launched the October Restoration in October 1972, declaring martial law, dissolving the National Assembly, and announced plans for a new constitution. The third republic was dissolved on approval of the Yusin Constitution in the November 1972 constitutional referendum and replaced with the fourth Republic of Korea.

Hyehwa-dong is a dong (neighborhood) of Jongno-gu in Seoul, South Korea. It is adjacent to the Seoul National University Hospital.

Between 1910 and 1945, Korea was ruled as a part of the Empire of Japan. Joseon Korea had come into the Japanese sphere of influence with the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876; a complex coalition of the Meiji government, military, and business officials began a process of integrating Korea's politics and economy with Japan. The Korean Empire, proclaimed in 1897, became a protectorate of Japan with the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905; thereafter Japan ruled the country indirectly through the Japanese Resident-General of Korea. Japan formally annexed Korea with the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, without the consent of the former Korean Emperor Gojong, the regent of the Emperor Sunjong. Upon its annexation, Japan declared that Korea would henceforth be officially named Chōsen. This name was recognized internationally until the end of Japanese occupation. The territory was administered by the Governor-General of Chōsen based in Keijō (Seoul). Japanese rule prioritized Korea's Japanization, accelerated the industrialization started during the Gwangmu Reform era of 1897 to 1907, built public works, and suppressed the Korean independence movement. The public works included developing railroads (Gyeongbu Line, Gyeongui Line, Gyeongwon Line, etc.) and improving major roads and ports that supported economic development. Averages for the annual GNP growth-rate of Chōsen were comparable to those in the Japanese naichi, ranging from 2.3% to 4.2% during the 25 years preceding the Second Sino-Japanese War. By the time of the Pacific War, industrial growth and output in Chōsen approached that of the naichi.Japanese rule over Korea ended on 15 August 1945 with the surrender of Japan in World War II. The armed forces of the United States and the Soviet Union subsequently occupied this region. Their division of Korea separated the Korean Peninsula into two different governments and economic systems: the northern Soviet Civil Administration, and the southern United States Army Military Government in Korea. These post-war administrative areas were succeeded respectively by the modern independent states of North Korea and South Korea. Japan officially relinquished the claims of Korea in the signing of Treaty of San Francisco on 28 April 1952.In 1965 the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and South Korea declared that previous unequal treaties between both countries, especially those of 1905 and 1910, were "already null and void" at the time of their promulgation.Interpretations of Japanese rule over Korea remains controversial in Japan, North Korea, and South Korea.

The second Republic of Korea was the government of South Korea from April 1960 to May 1961. The second republic was founded during the April Revolution mass protests against President Syngman Rhee, succeeding the first republic and establishing a parliamentary government under President Yun Bo-seon and Prime Minister Chang Myon. The Second Republic ended Rhee's authoritarianism and repression, formed a liberal democracy, and formulated the first Five-Year Plans to develop the neglected economy. The Second Republic's failure to improve South Korea's political and economic issues led to instability, and after thirteen months it was overthrown by the South Korean Army in the May 16 coup led by Park Chung-hee. The second republic was replaced by a provisional military government under the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, leading to the third Republic of Korea. The short-lived second republic was the only government under a parliamentary system in the history of Korea.

Ihwa-dong is a dong, neighbourhood of Jongno-gu in Seoul, South Korea.

The first Republic of Korea (Korean: 제1공화국; RR: Jeil Gonghwaguk; lit. "first republic") was the government of South Korea from August 1948 to April 1960. The first republic was founded on 15 August 1948 after the transfer from the United States Army Military Government that governed South Korea since the end of Japanese rule in 1945, becoming the first independent capitalist republican government in Korea. Syngman Rhee became the first president of South Korea following the May 1948 general election, and the National Assembly in Seoul promulgated South Korea's first constitution in July, establishing a presidential system of government. The first republic claimed sovereignty over all of Korea but only controlled Korea south of the 38th parallel until the end of the Korean War in 1953, when the border was modified. The first republic was characterized by Rhee's authoritarianism and corruption, limited economic development, strong anti-communism, and by the late 1950s growing political instability and public opposition to Rhee. The April Revolution in April 1960 led to Rhee's resignation and the transition to the second Republic of South Korea.

Marronnier Park (Korean: 마로니에 공원) is a park in the Daehangno district of Seoul. The park was designated on April 29, 1982 and is 5,802 square metres (62,450 sq ft) large.