The Institute of Optometry

Newington Causeway is a road in Southwark, London, between the Elephant and Castle and Borough High Street. Elephant & Castle Underground station is at the southern end. It follows the route of the old Roman road Stane Street.In 1912, an outpatients' department of the South London Hospital for Women and Children was opened in Newington Causeway, using money raised by Harriet Shaw Weaver, publisher of The Freewoman, and other feminists.Metro Central Heights (originally known as Alexander Fleming House) -- an early 1960s series of multi-storey blocks designed by Ernő Goldfinger as office buildings subsequently converted into flats—stands at the southern end of the road. The Ministry of Sound, a famous nightclub, is in Gaunt Street just off Newington Causeway. This is also where the Inner London Sessions House, a Crown Court, and the Newington Court Business Centre are located. The Institute of Optometry, formerly the London Refraction Hospital, is at 56–62 Newington Causeway. The Salvation Army UK and Republic of Ireland headquarters occupy a large building at 101 Newington Causeway.The road forms part of the A3.

Southwark Playhouse is a theatre in London, located between Borough and Elephant and Castle tube stations.

The Ministry of Sound Radio (MoS) began service as a UK-based radio station operating since 1999. It was accessible on the Ministry of Sound website as streaming audio until March 2016.Current MoS radio's DJs include: DJ Bailey, X-Press 2, Hed Kandi residents Andy Norman and Krystal Roxx, Markus Schulz, DJ Storm, Hospital Records, Matt Darey, Above and Beyond, Todd Edwards, and Mark Knight. The current team is led by Steve O'Connor and syndicates radio shows around the globe, as well as running the online stream and on-demand options. The station is based near the Ministry of Sound, at 103 Gaunt Street in south London.

London School of Musical Theatre (LSMT) is an academy of performing arts that was founded by Glenn Lee in 1995. The school is located on Borough Road, near Elephant and Castle.It was originally housed at The Old Vic Theatre and then Her Majesty's Theatre, before moving to premises on Borough Road where it currently operates. In 2015 the school was based at Price Studios in Clapham but later returned to Borough Road following a full building refurbishment in the summer of 2016. The school provides a one-year, full-time, vocational training for mature students wishing to enter a career in Musical Theatre. The ethos of LSMT is to create the environment of a professional company in rehearsal rather than that of an educational institution. The emphasis of the course is on the development of the singing voice as the tool for acting through song alongside a thorough training in dance and drama. Classes are taught by professionals and practitioners working in the industry, with direct experience of the up to the minute requirements of musical theatre. The school is also recognised by agents and producers as one of the leading providers of exceptional talent to the industry. Since its inception in 1995 LSMT have also commissioned and produced new musical theatre writing with many works now published and presented throughout the world. The school employs Charles Miller as its resident composer. Many graduates from LSMT have highly successful careers in West End Theatre, UK Tours, Internationally and in Television and Film.

Ministry of Sound or Ministry of Sound Group is a multimedia entertainment business based in London with a nightclub, shared workspace and private members club, worldwide events operation, music publishing business and fitness studio. James Palumbo is the co-founder and former chairman and CEO of the Group. He handed over the day-to-day running of the business to Lohan Presencer in 2008. In 2018, Presencer became chairman.

Borough Road was a mainline railway station in Southwark, south London, located on Borough Road, close to the location Borough Underground station. It was on the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) and was first opened in June 1864 on the LCDR's City Branch. The line crossed the River Thames and ran up through St. Paul's (now Blackfriars) to terminate in the City of London. From 1885, following the closure to passengers of Blackfriars Bridge station, Borough Road was the first stop out of central London for trains heading south from St. Paul's.Ultimately, Borough Road was an early victim of competition from the City & South London Railway's Borough station opened nearby in 1890. Passenger numbers dwindled and Borough Road closed in April 1907, at which time it was owned by the South Eastern and Chatham Railway. Although there is no trace of the platforms, the former entrance to the station still exists below the Southwark Bridge Road viaduct. In 1916, two other stations on the line to the south, Walworth Road and Camberwell, were also closed. Today, main line trains run straight through from Blackfriars to either Loughborough Junction or Denmark Hill, stopping only at Elephant & Castle.

The Inner London Sessions House Crown Court, more commonly known as the Inner London Crown Court and distinct from the Inner London Magistrates' Court, is a Crown Court building in Newington, London, United Kingdom. It is located in the Sessions House on Newington Causeway at the corner of Harper Road. It is a Grade II listed building.

The King's Bench Prison was a prison in Southwark, south London, England, from medieval times until it closed in 1880. It took its name from the King's Bench court of law in which cases of defamation, bankruptcy and other misdemeanours were heard; as such, the prison was often used as a debtor's prison until the practice was abolished in the 1860s. In 1842, it was renamed the Queen's Bench Prison, and became the Southwark Convict Prison in 1872.

Metro Central Heights is a group of residential buildings in Walworth in the London Borough of Southwark. It was originally known as Alexander Fleming House, a multi-storey office complex designed by Hungarian-born modernist architect Ernő Goldfinger and constructed in the early 1960s for Arnold Lee of Imry Properties. The design was favoured both by the property developer Imry and by the London County Council as it promised the largest amount of lettable space and therefore the best financial return for the site. Some 55 m tall at its highest point, the original scheme consisted of three freestanding blocks, two of seven storeys and one of eighteen, grouped around a central piazza. It is located on Newington Causeway on the east side of the busy Elephant and Castle junction in inner south-east London. Ernő Goldfinger proposed three main components of modern architecture, "the permanent structure; the much less permanent services and an even more fleeting component, the human requirements". These applied directly to the development where its eventual use was not known at the time of construction. Therefore, the internal design of the building was made as flexible as possible, providing open decks which could be readily subdivided and services re-routed. The building's original tenant was the Department of Health and Social Security, known as the Ministry of Health at the time, which probably led to its being named Alexander Fleming House, after the discoverer of penicillin. The development became its headquarters, and shortly afterwards Ernő Goldfinger was commissioned to design two additional blocks, D and E. The building received a Civic Trust Award in 1964.The Health Department's headquarters became notorious for sick building syndrome and the DHSS civil servants were moved out in the early 1990s to a new headquarters across the road, first of all to Hannibal House and then Skipton House. The Executive staff moved to new headquarters on Whitehall, Richmond House. The design flexibility served the building well when it was saved from demolition and converted into a residential development and renamed "Metro Central Heights" by St George Plc (a division of Berkeley Group Holdings) in 1997. It was narrowly missed off English Heritage's roll of post-war buildings worthy of listing around the same time. The conversion cured the sick building syndrome, and added a gym and swimming pool to the complex. It now contains some 400 studio to three-bedroom flats which are in constant demand, especially by "young urban professionals" who value Elephant and Castle's proximity to the City and West End. Planning permission was granted on appeal for a further 15-storey block by St George Plc named Vantage Metro Central on what was formerly the development's surface car park in February 2004. This was completed in late 2008. This had originally been the site of both the Odeon cinema, also designed by Ernő Goldfinger but demolished by Imry in 1988, and the huge Trocadero cinema that was cleared for blocks D and E of the development itself. Metro Central Heights became a listed building on 9 July 2013, when the Minister for Culture, Ed Vaizey MP accepted English Heritage's recommendation that it should be listed at Grade II.

The County of London was a county of England from 1889 to 1965, corresponding to the area known today as Inner London. It was created as part of the general introduction of elected county government in England, by way of the Local Government Act 1888. The Act created an administrative County of London, which included within its territory the City of London. However, the City of London and the County of London formed separate ceremonial counties for "non-administrative" purposes. The local authority for the county was the London County Council (LCC), which initially performed only a limited range of functions, but gained further powers during its 76-year existence. The LCC provided very few services within the City of London, where the ancient Corporation monopolised local governance. In 1900, the lower-tier civil parishes and district boards were replaced with 28 new metropolitan boroughs. The territory of the county was 74,903 acres (303.12 km2) in 1961. During its existence there was a long-term decline in population as more residents moved into the outer suburbs; there were periodic reviews of the local government structures in the greater London area and several failed attempts to expand the boundaries of the county. In 1965, the London Government Act 1963 replaced the county with the much larger Greater London administrative area.

The London metropolitan area includes London and its surrounding commuter zone (the area in which it is practicable to commute to work in London). It is also known as the London commuter belt, or Southeast metropolitan area.As of September 2019, before Brexit, the London metropolitan area was the most populated metropolis in the European Union with a population of 14,372,596.

The Massacre of St George's Fields occurred on 10 May 1768 when government soldiers opened fire on demonstrators that had gathered at St George's Fields, Southwark, in south London. The protest was against the imprisonment of the radical Member of Parliament John Wilkes for writing an article that severely criticised King George III. After the reading of the Riot Act telling the crowds to disperse within the hour, six or seven people were killed when fired on by troops. The incident in Britain entrenched the enduring idiom of "reading the Riot Act to someone", meaning "to reprimand severely", with the added sense of a stern warning. The phrase remains in common use in the English language.