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Langdale Boulders

Rock art in Europe
The Langdale Boulders, Great Langdale
The Langdale Boulders, Great Langdale

The Langdale Boulders are a pair of natural boulders at the southeastern end of the Langdale Valley, just northwest of Chapel Stile. They are also known locally as the "Copt Howe" boulders. The boulders are best known as the surface bearing England's largest and most complex assemblage of Neolithic rock carvings. These carvings remained unrecognised until their rediscovery in 1999. Positioned with clear sightlines towards the Langdale Pikes, and possibly intentionally aligned to the summer solstice sunset behind Harrison Stickle, the site appears carefully embedded in a prehistoric landscape. The valley is also known for the Langdale axe factory. "Howe" is derived from the Old Norse haugr, meaning a mound or burial barrow, a term widely used across northern England to denote ancient, often funerary, earthworks. Its presence in the name does not necessarily confirm the existence of a burial monument here, but it strongly suggests that later communities recognised the site as having an ancient character. The first element, "Copt," is less certain in origin, but is often linked to the Old English copp, meaning a top, summit, or rounded hill. Taken together, "Copt Howe" can be read as something like "the mound on the summit" or "the barrow-like hill," a name that reinforces the impression of elevation and antiquity.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Langdale Boulders (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Langdale Boulders
B5343,

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Latitude Longitude
N 54.443247 ° E -3.0593743 °
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Langdale Boulders

B5343
LA22 9JS , Lakes
England, United Kingdom
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The Langdale Boulders, Great Langdale
The Langdale Boulders, Great Langdale
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Langdale axe industry
Langdale axe industry

The Langdale axe industry (or factory) is the name given by archaeologists to a Neolithic centre of specialised stone tool production in the Great Langdale area of the English Lake District. The existence of the site, which dates from around 4,000–3,500 BC, was suggested by chance discoveries in the 1930s. More systematic investigations were undertaken by Clare Fell and others in the 1940s and 1950s, since when several field surveys of varying scope have been carried out.Typical finds include reject axes, rough-outs and blades created by knapping large lumps of the rock found in the scree or perhaps by simple quarrying or opencast mining. Hammerstones have also been found in the scree and other lithic debitage from the industry such as blades and flakes. The area has outcrops of fine-grained greenstone or hornstone suitable for making polished stone axes. Such axes have been found distributed across Great Britain. The rock is an epidotised greenstone quarried or perhaps just collected from the scree slopes in the Langdale Valley on Harrison Stickle and Pike of Stickle. The nature and extent of the axe-flaking sites making up the Langdale Axe Factory complex are still under investigation. Geological mapping has established that the volcanic tuff used for the axes outcrops along a narrow range of the highest peaks in the locality. Other outcrops in the area are known to have been worked, especially on Harrison Stickle, and Scafell Pike where rough-outs and flakes have been found on platforms below the peaks at and above the 2000- or 3000-foot level. Recent research has shown that Langdale tuff was used for tools before the Neolithic 'axe factories' were established. In Maryport (Cumbria) it was selected for tool manufacture in the Final Palaeolithic and Mesolithic