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Executions in Warsaw's police district

1944 mass shootings in Europe1944 murders in PolandAugust 1944 in EuropeHostage taking in EuropeHuman shield incidents in World War II
Looting of Poland in World War IIMass shootings in PolandNazi massacres of Poles in World War IINazi war crimes during the Warsaw UprisingUjazdów, WarsawŚródmieście Południowe
Aleje Ujazdowskie Pamięci ofiar Powstania Warszawskiego
Aleje Ujazdowskie Pamięci ofiar Powstania Warszawskiego

The executions in Warsaw's police district were mass executions of residents from Warsaw's Śródmieście and southern districts, carried out by the Germans during the Warsaw Uprising in the so-called police district in South Downtown. The collective executions near the headquarters of the Sicherheitspolizei at Jan Chrystian Szuch Avenue occurred primarily in the first days of August 1944. On a smaller scale, they continued until the final days of the uprising. Over two months, SS officers and Ordnungspolizei murdered between 5,000 and 10,000 Warsaw residents in this area, including men, women, and children. The mass and systematic executions of South Downtown residents directly implemented Hitler's order mandating the total extermination of Warsaw's population. These atrocities preceded the Wola massacre.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Executions in Warsaw's police district (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Executions in Warsaw's police district
Romualda Traugutta, Warsaw Midtown

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Latitude Longitude
N 52.238333333333 ° E 21.015091666667 °
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Romualda Traugutta
00-067 Warsaw, Midtown
Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
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Aleje Ujazdowskie Pamięci ofiar Powstania Warszawskiego
Aleje Ujazdowskie Pamięci ofiar Powstania Warszawskiego
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Heart of Frédéric Chopin
Heart of Frédéric Chopin

The heart of Frédéric Chopin was separated from his body after he died in Paris, France, on 17 October 1849, aged 39. The Polish composer Frédéric Chopin had a fear of being buried alive and requested that his physician Jean Cruveilhier perform an autopsy. While Chopin's body was buried at the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, his heart was immersed in alcohol (probably cognac) and placed in an oak container. Before his death, one of Chopin's last requests was that his eldest sister, Ludwika Jędrzejewicz, take his heart to Poland to be buried at a local church. She complied with his wishes, smuggling his heart through customs at the Austrian border, past Russian border agents and into Poland. It was given to the Holy Cross Church in Warsaw and kept in the catacombs. After a local journalist discovered the heart in a box, it was transferred to the upper part of the church in 1879 and immured in a pillar. During the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, Chopin's heart was taken from the church by Nazi officials to the headquarters of SS commander Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski. It was later returned to the Polish people and sent to Milanówek for safekeeping. On 17 October 1945, a delegation transported the heart back to Warsaw, where it was returned to its place in the Holy Cross Church. Speculation as to the reason for Chopin's premature death led to requests by scholars and scientists to conduct an analysis of the heart tissue. While he was said to have died from tuberculosis, it was speculated that he may have had cystic fibrosis. A request to sample the heart tissue was refused by the Polish government, but the heart's container was secretly removed from the pillar for a visual inspection in 2014.

Ziemiańska
Ziemiańska

Ziemiańska or Mała Ziemiańska (the name coined after the term ziemianin, meaning member of Polish landed gentry) was a coffeehouse in Warsaw. It was notable as a meeting place of many of Poland's most prominent artists of the inter-war period. The venture was founded in 1918 at 12, Mazowiecka Street in Warsaw's city centre. It was officially opened on April 14 of that year and its original owners were Jan Skępski and Karol Albrecht, two prominent pâtissier masters. Initially the cafe consisted only of a small room with several tables, later a gallery above was added with additional tables. The cafe lay roughly halfways between the Warsaw University, the Filharmony, Zachęta Art Gallery and many notable cultural facilities. Because of that, it started to be frequented by artists of all sorts. Among the most prominent to be frequent guests there were the Skamandrites, including poets Julian Tuwim, Antoni Słonimski, Jan Lechoń, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz and Kazimierz Wierzyński, as well as their frequent companion Franciszek Fiszer. The table of the poets occupied the gallery, while one of the tables at the ground floor was reserved for painters and sculptors. Among its owners were Zofia Stryjeńska, Tadeusz Gronowski and Henryk Kuna, but also a poet Bolesław Leśmian. Among frequent guests were also Eugeniusz Bodo (dubbed the king of Polish actors), Adolf Dymsza, Jadwiga Smosarska, Leon Schiller, Jerzy Zaruba, Ludwik Solski and Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński, who met his future wife there. Another group of guests were politicians, including Poland's prime minister Walery Sławek, minister of foreign affairs Józef Beck and General Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski After the initial success, the owners of Ziemiańska opened up several other cafe houses in Warsaw. The most prominent of them (and the largest) was opened nearby, at the corner of Kredytowa and Jasna Street. From then on the original venue at Mazowiecka started to be called "Mała Ziemiańska" (Small Ziemiańska), as opposed to "Duża Ziemiańska", or Big Ziemiańska. The success of the pastries served there allowed the owners to open a similar cafe in Nice, which however was closed in the 1930s, following protests from French pastry makers. The Ziemiańska (and the building) ceased to exist during the Warsaw Uprising. It was not rebuilt.