Café du Croissant

The murder of Jean Jaurès, French deputy for Tarn and Socialist politician, took place on Friday, July 31, 1914, at 9:40 pm, as he dined at the Café du Croissant on rue Montmartre in Paris's 2nd arrondissement, in the heart of the Republic of the Croissant, not far from the headquarters of his newspaper, L'Humanité. He was hit by two gunshots: one bullet pierced his skull and the other nestled in woodwork. The famous politician collapsed, mortally wounded. Committed three days before France's entry into World War I, this murder put an end to the desperate efforts Jaurès had made since the Sarajevo bombing to prevent a military explosion in Europe. It precipitated the rallying of the majority of the French left to the Sacred Union, including many socialists and trade unionists who had previously refused to support the war. The Sacred Union ceased to exist in 1919 when his assassin, Raoul Villain, was acquitted. The transfer of Jaurès's ashes to the Panthéon in 1924 underlined another political split within the Left, between communists and socialists.

The Paris Chamber of Commerce (French: Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Paris or CCIP) is a chamber of commerce of the Paris region. It defends the interests of companies of the city of Paris, and provides services to these companies. Since 2013 it has been a division of the Paris Île-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

The Palais Brongniart housed the historical Paris stock exchange (French: Bourse de Paris). It is located at the Place de la Bourse, in the II arrondissement, Paris.

The Paris Stock Exchange bombing was a bomb and armed attack carried out by anarchist Charles Gallo against the Paris Stock Exchange on 5 March 1886. Along with the Thiers statue bombing (1881) and the Black Band, it was one of the first propaganda of the deed attacks in France. In the 1880s, after anarchist theorists developed the propaganda of the deed strategy—the idea that an action could create effective political propaganda and lead to a revolution—the practice spread to areas where anarchists were present, including France. Following his release from a five-year sentence for counterfeiting, Gallo settled in Nancy, where he founded the city's first anarchist group. Shortly after, he moved to Paris, where he obtained a firearm and acid. On 5 March 1886, Gallo entered the Paris Stock Exchange, a symbol of capitalism in France, and threw his explosive, which failed to detonate. He then began firing at the people present, aiming at the government bond trading area. The bomb didn't explode, and all five shots he fired missed his intended targets, though they did slightly injure a broker's leg with a ricochet. The anarchist was arrested and sentenced to deportation to a penal colony, where he died in 1923, 37 years later. During his trial, debates raged within the anarchist movement in France, particularly concerning Jean Grave, who was in charge of the publication Le Révolté. Grave refused to publish Gallo's defense in the anarchist newspaper. In the following years, anarchist attacks in France continued, notably during the anarchist bombing campaign of 1888-1889 and the Ère des attentats (1892–1894).

Bourse (pronounced [buʁs] (listen)) is a station on Paris Métro Line 3, located in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris.

The Théâtre des Variétés is a theatre and "salle de spectacles" at 7–8, boulevard Montmartre, 2nd arrondissement, in Paris. It was declared a monument historique in 1974.

Grands Boulevards (French pronunciation: ​[ɡʁɑ̃ bulvaʁ]), formerly named Rue Montmartre (1931–1998), is a station on Line 8 and Line 9 of the Paris Métro. In 2019, it was the 44th busiest station of the Métro network, with 6,807,424 yearly users.The section of both lines from just east of Richelieu–Drouot to west of République was built under the Grand Boulevards, partly on the border between the 2nd and 9th arrondissements, that replaced the Louis XIII wall and is in soft ground, which was once the course of the Seine. The lines are built on two levels, with Line 8 on the higher level and Line 9 in the lower level. The platforms are at the sides and the box containing the lines and supporting the road above is strengthened by a central wall between the tracks. There is no interconnection between the lines at Grands Boulevards, with each level having different accesses to the street.

The Académie Julian (French pronunciation: ​[akademi ʒyljɑ̃]) was a private art school for painting and sculpture founded in Paris, France, in 1867 by French painter and teacher Rodolphe Julian (1839–1907) that was active from 1868 through 1968. It remained famous for the number and quality of artists who attended during the great period of effervescence in the arts in the early twentieth century. After 1968, it integrated with ESAG Penninghen.

The Passage des Panoramas is the oldest of the covered passages of Paris, France located in the 2nd arrondissement between the Montmartre boulevard to the North and Saint-Marc street to the south. It is one of the earliest venues of the Parisian philatelic trade, and it was one of the first covered commercial passageways in Europe. Bazaars and souks in the Orient had roofed commercial passageways centuries earlier but the Passage de Panoramas innovated in having glazed roofing and, later on, in 1817, gas lights for illumination. It was an ancestor of the city gallerias of the 19th century and the covered suburban and city shopping malls of the 20th century. The passage was opened in 1800 on the site of the town residence of the Marechal de Montmorency, Duke of Luxembourg, which had been built in 1704. The doorway of the modern building, of the house, which opened on rue Saint-Marc, facing the rue des Panoramas, was the gateway of the original mansion. Its name came from an attraction built on the site; two large rotundas where panoramic paintings of Paris, Toulon, Rome, Jerusalem, and other famous cities were displayed. They were a business venture of the American inventor Robert Fulton, who had come to Paris to offer his latest inventions, the steamboat, submarine, and torpedo, to Napoleon and the French Directory. While waiting for an answer, Fulton earned money from his exhibition. Napoleon, who had little interest in the navy, finally rejected Fulton's projects. Fulton left behind his Panoramas and went to London to offer his inventions to the British. In 1800, Paris streets were narrow, dark, muddy and crowded, and very few had sidewalks or lighting; they were very unpleasant for shopping. The first indoor gallery, at the Palais Royal, had opened in 1786, followed by the passage Feydau in 1790-91, the Passage du Caire in 1799, and the Passage des Panoramas in 1800. The rotundas were destroyed in 1831. In the 1830s, the architect Jean-Louis Victor Grisart renovated the passage and created three additional galleries inside the block of houses: the Saint-Marc gallery parallel with the passage, the gallery of the Variétés which gives access to the entry of the artists of the Théâtre de Variétés, and the Feydeau galleries and Montmartre. Stern the famous engraver settled there in 1834, then merchants of postcards and postage stamps, and some restaurants moved in. The part of the passage close to the Montmartre boulevard is richly decorated, while the distant part is more modest. The passage, as it was in 1867, is described in chapter VII of Émile Zola's novel Nana.

The Théâtre des Nouveautés ("Theatre of the New") is a Parisian theatre built in 1921 and located at 24 boulevard Poissonnière (Paris, 9th arr.). The name was also used by several earlier Parisian theatre companies and their buildings, beginning in 1827.

The salle Érard is a music venue located in Paris, 13 rue du Mail in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris. It is part of the hôtel particulier which belonged, from the 18th century, to the Érard family of piano, harp and harpsichord manufacturers. Small in size, but well isolated from the noises of the city, enjoying good acoustics, it is more particularly adapted to chamber music.During the 19th and the beginning of the 20th, it was the place of premières and debuts noted for both compositions and for interpreters, among which: Érik Satie (orchestrations of his Gymnopédies by Claude Debussy), Jacques Ibert, les histoires (ten pieces for piano) (1923), Nellie Melba, Ricardo Viñes, Maurice Ravel, Miroirs (1906) , Menuet antique (1892), Histoires naturelles with Jane Bathori (1907), Sonate pour violon et piano (1927), Trois poèmes de Mallarmé (1914), Camille Saint-Saens (1860).,Ignacy Jan Paderewski (1888), Claude Debussy, Triptyque Estampes (1904), Le Promenoir des deux amants (1911), Alexander Scriabin (1896), Joseph Jongen, André Caplet , Conte fantastique with Micheline Kahn as the harpist, (1923) Vladimir de Pachmann (1882), Charles Valentin Alkan (1837) and (1880), Francis Poulenc, Reynaldo Hahn, pianist Édouard Risler (1908), Ernest Chausson, Viviane (1883), César Franck, Le Chasseur maudit (1883), Arthur Honegger, Le Cahier romand (1924), Olivier Messiaen, Huit préludes (1930), Maurice Delage, Sept haï-kaïs (1925), Quatre poèmes hindous (1914), Francis Planté,Stéphan Elmas ou Youra Guller. Beethoven Sonata No. 29 in Bb Major "Hammerklavier" with Franz Liszt at the piano. Before the construction of the Maison de la Radio (1963), the hall served as a recording studio for the Radiodiffusion française. Nowadays, only the salon sees the organization of concerts, the volumes of the proper room having been reconverted (the volume of spaces is suggested by the organization of the roofs as well as the old entrance facade at No. 11 rue Paul Lelong - Paris 02). Nevertheless, it remains prized for its acoustics and its past charged with both musical and artistic history.

The Max Linder Panorama is a cinema in Paris. It has been described as "one of the most beautiful Parisian movie theatres".: 70