École Polytechnique massacre

The Montreal Laboratory in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, was established by the National Research Council of Canada during World War II to undertake nuclear research in collaboration with the United Kingdom, and to absorb some of the scientists and work of the Tube Alloys nuclear project in Britain. It became part of the Manhattan Project, and designed and built some of the world's first nuclear reactors. After the Fall of France, some French scientists escaped to Britain with their stock of heavy water. They were temporarily installed in the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, where they worked on reactor design. The MAUD Committee was uncertain whether this was relevant to the main task of Tube Alloys, that of building an atomic bomb, although there remained a possibility that a reactor could be used to breed plutonium, which might be used in one. It therefore recommended that they be relocated to the United States, and co-located with the Manhattan Project's reactor effort. Due to American concerns about security (many of the scientists were foreign nationals) and patent claims by the French scientists and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), it was decided to relocate them to Canada instead. The Canadian government agreed to the proposal, and the Montreal Laboratory was established in a house belonging to McGill University; it moved to permanent accommodation at the Université de Montréal in March 1943. The first eight laboratory staff arrived in Montreal at the end of 1942. These were Bertrand Goldschmidt and Pierre Auger from France, George Placzek from Czechoslovakia, S. G. Bauer from Switzerland, Friedrich Paneth and Hans von Halban from Austria, and R. E. Newell and F. R. Jackson from Britain. The Canadian contingent included George Volkoff, Bernice Weldon Sargent and George Laurence, and promising young Canadian scientists such as J. Carson Mark, Phil Wallace and Leo Yaffe. Although Canada was a major source of uranium ore and heavy water, these were controlled by the Americans. Anglo-American cooperation broke down, denying the Montreal Laboratory scientists access to the materials they needed to build a reactor. In 1943, the Quebec Agreement merged Tube Alloys with the American Manhattan Project. The Americans agreed to help build the reactor. Scientists who were not British subjects left, and John Cockcroft became the new director of the Montreal Laboratory in May 1944. The Chalk River Laboratories opened in 1944, and the Montreal Laboratory was closed in July 1946. Two reactors were built at Chalk River. The small ZEEP went critical on 5 September 1945, and the larger NRX on 21 July 1947. NRX was for a time the most powerful research reactor in the world.

The Université de Montréal (UdeM; French pronunciation: ​[ynivɛʁsite də mɔ̃ʁeal]; translates to University of Montreal) is a French-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university's main campus is located in the Côte-des-Neiges neighborhood of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce on Mount Royal near the Outremont Summit (also called Mount Murray), in the borough of Outremont. The institution comprises thirteen faculties, more than sixty departments and two affiliated schools: the Polytechnique Montréal (School of Engineering; formerly the École polytechnique de Montréal) and HEC Montréal (School of Business). It offers more than 650 undergraduate programmes and graduate programmes, including 71 doctoral programmes. The university was founded as a satellite campus of the Université Laval in 1878. It became an independent institution after it was issued a papal charter in 1919 and a provincial charter in 1920. Université de Montréal moved from Montreal's Quartier Latin to its present location at Mount Royal in 1942. It was made a secular institution with the passing of another provincial charter in 1967. The school is co-educational, and has 34,335 undergraduate and 11,925 post-graduate students (excluding affiliated schools). Alumni and former students reside across Canada and around the world, with notable alumni serving as government officials, academics, and business leaders.

Polytechnique Montréal (French pronunciation: ​[pɔlitɛknik mɔ̃ʁeal]) (previously École polytechnique de Montréal; French pronunciation: ​[ekɔl pɔlitɛknik də mɔ̃ʁeal]) is an engineering school affiliated with the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. In English it may occasionally be referred to as "Montreal Polytechnic", but is more often called to by its French name. The school offers graduate and postgraduate training, and is very active in research. Following tradition, new Bachelors of Engineering (B.Eng) graduating from Polytechnique Montréal receive an Iron Ring, during the Canadian Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer ceremony.

The CEPSUM (French: Centre d'éducation physique et des sports de l'Université de Montréal, also le Stade du CEPSUM) is a multi-purpose complex sport centre located on the campus of the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The CEPSUM hosts the Montreal Carabins teams.

The Centre de recherches mathématiques (CRM) is the first mathematical research institute in Canada, located at the Université de Montréal. The CRM has ten research laboratories, one in each of: mathematical analysis, number theory and symbolic computation, differential geometry and topology, discrete mathematics and combinatorics, applied mathematics, neuroimaging, mathematical physics, statistics, probability theory and quantum computing.Each year it awards four of the main mathematical sciences prizes in Canada: the CRM-Fields-PIMS prize, which is the most prestigious award given in Canada in mathematics; the Aisenstadt Prize, awarded to a young outstanding Canadian mathematician; the CRM-SSC Prize, awarded in collaboration with the Statistical Society of Canada to an exceptional young Canadian statistician; and the CAP-CRM Prize in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics awarded in collaboration with the Canadian Association of Physicists in recognition of exceptional achievements in theoretical and mathematical physics.

Université-de-Montréal station is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Blue Line. It is located in the Côte-des-Neiges neighbourhood.

Édouard-Montpetit is a Montreal Metro station in of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Blue Line. It is located in the Côte-des-Neiges area of the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce near the borough of Outremont.

Outremont is a federal electoral district in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935. It was known as Outremont—Saint-Jean from 1947 to 1966. Its population in 2006 was 95,711. Its current Member of Parliament is Rachel Bendayan of the Liberal Party of Canada.

The Faculty of Medicine (French: Faculté de médecine) is one of four medical schools in Quebec. The faculty is part of the Université de Montréal and is located in Montreal and Trois-Rivières.Recent accolades for the school include an endowment by Pfizer (worth $1.8 million) for a chair in atherosclerosis and being awarded a million-dollar grant for the study of leukemia.

The école de musique Vincent-d'Indy is a subsidized private music college situated in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in the Outremont district, that specializes in music education.

Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery (French: Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges) is a 343-acre (139 ha) rural cemetery located in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Montreal, Quebec, Canada which was founded in 1854. The entrance and the grounds run along a part of Côte-des-Neiges Road and up the slopes of Mount Royal. Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Canada and the third-largest in North America.

The Faculty of Law at Université de Montréal was officially founded in 1892. In 2018, the Faculty was ranked as the best francophone law school in the world. In addition to its civil law degree (LL.B.), the Law School offers a one-year J.D. in common law for Quebec civil law graduates that enables them to take the bar exam in other Canadian provinces and in New York, Massachusetts and California. Combining civil and common law in a uniquely bijural environment, the education provided at the Faculty of Law seeks to make students proficient in both Western legal traditions. UdeM Faculty of Law is also bilingual. The languages of instruction are French and English for the LL.B. and English for the J.D.