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Cave of Zubialde

Archaeological forgeriesCave paintingsEuropean archaeology stubsRock art in SpainSpain geography stubs
Alava in Spain
Alava in Spain

Cave of Zubialde is a prehistoric cave located in Zubialde, Gorbea, Spain. In 1990 it was subjected to an authentication by the use of electron microscopy, chromatography and absolute dating, so it was defined as a black and red liquid painting.It was discovered in 1990 by Serafín Ruiz, a history student, and it was decorated by 20 animal figurines and 49 hand symbols. It was the best prehistoric discovery of the decade and the most important of País Vasco. It was dated in the Magdalenian, Upper Paleolithic (13.000 to 10.000 BC).In the same year, Peter Ucko, from the University of Southampton, and Jill Cook, from British Museum suspected they were fake, and the Ertzaintza found out someone had painted the cave during 1990, and the main suspect was Serafín Ruiz.In 2008 another fraud was discovered in Iruña-Veleia similar to Zubialde.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Cave of Zubialde (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Cave of Zubialde
Zubialde ibaiaren kalea/Calle Río Zubialde, Vitoria-Gasteiz Sansomendi (Gobeo)

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 42.868055555556 ° E -2.6997222222222 °
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Zubialde ibaiaren kalea/Calle Río Zubialde 26
01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Sansomendi (Gobeo)
Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain
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Vitoria-Gasteiz
Vitoria-Gasteiz

Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spanish: [biˈtoɾja ɣasˈtejθ, -ɣasˈtejs]; Basque: [bitoɾja ɣas̺teis̻]), also alternatively spelled as Vittoria in older English-language sources, is the seat of government and the capital city of the Basque Country and of the province of Álava in northern Spain. It holds the autonomous community's House of Parliament, the headquarters of the Government, and the Lehendakari's (Prime Minister's) official residency. The municipality—which comprises not only the city but also the mainly agricultural lands of 63 villages around—is the largest in the Basque Country, with a total area of 276.81 square kilometres (106.88 sq mi), and it has a population of 253,093 (January 2021). The dwellers of Vitoria-Gasteiz are called vitorianos or gasteiztarrak, while traditionally they are dubbed babazorros (Basque for 'bean sacks'). Vitoria-Gasteiz is a dynamic city with strengths in healthcare, aeronautics, the automotive industry, and viticulture. It is consistently ranked as one of the 5 best places to live in Spain, ranking highly in quality of life and business opportunities, it is the first Spanish municipality to be awarded the title of European Green Capital (in 2012) and it has been also recognized by the UN with the Global Green City Award (in 2019). The old town has some of the best preserved medieval streets and plazas in the region and it is one of very few cities with two cathedrals. The city also holds well known festivals such as the Azkena rock festival, FesTVal, Vitoria-Gasteiz jazz festival, and the Virgen Blanca Festivities. Vitoria-Gasteiz's vicinity is home to acclaimed wineries such as Ysios, designed by world-renowned architect Santiago Calatrava, and Marqués de Riscal, by Frank Gehry. Relevant heritage sites including the Neolithic remains of Aizkomendi, Sorginetxe and La chabola de la Hechicera; Iron Age remains such as the settlements of Lastra and Buradón; antique remains such as the settlement of La Hoya and the salt valley of Añana; and several medieval fortresses including the Tower of Mendoza and the Tower of Varona. Ludwig van Beethoven dedicated his Opus 91, often called the "Battle of Vitoria" or "Wellington's Victory", to one of the most famous events of the Napoleonic Wars: the Battle of Vitoria, in which a Spanish, Portuguese and British army under the command of General the Duke of Wellington broke the French army and nearly captured the puppet king Joseph Bonaparte. It was a pivotal point in the Peninsular War, and a precursor to the expulsion of the French army from Spain. A memorial statue can be seen today in Virgen Blanca Square.