Caer Bach

Llangelynnin (; Welsh for The church of Celynnin) is a former parish in the Conwy valley, in Conwy county borough, north Wales. Today the name exists only in connection with the church, a school in the nearby village of Henryd, and the nearby mountain ridge, Craig Celynnin. Llangelynnin Church (Welsh: Eglwys Llangelynnin) is possibly one of the remotest churches in Wales (53.2458°N 3.8730°W / 53.2458; -3.8730 (Llangelynnin Church)), and is amongst the oldest; that at Llanrhychwyn, further up the valley, is a little older. The church is dedicated to Saint Celynnin, who lived in the 6th century and probably established the first religious settlement here. It lies at a height of about 280 metres (920 ft) feet, above the village of Henryd in the Conwy valley, in the shelter of Tal y Fan (610 metres, 2,001 ft), the mountain to the south-west. A small and simple building, it probably dates from the 12th century (although some sources cite the 13th century), and was probably pre-dated by an earlier church of timber, or wattle and daub construction. Llangelynnin is also the name of the former parish, the primary school in nearby Henryd (Ysgol Llangelynnin). Celynnin's name is also carried by Craig Celynnin, a mountain ridge adjacent to the church.

Rowen is a village on the western slopes of the Conwy valley in the parish of Caerhun and the former County of Caernarfonshire in Wales. It lies off the B5106 road, between Tal y Bont and the Groes Inn. Buildings of Gwynedd 2009 refers to the River Roe probably following the Roman route from Caerhun to Abergwyngregyn. Rowen has won tidiest village awards several times.In recent times the name of the village has been variously spelled as "Y Wy-Wen" (white river), "Rowen", "Ro-wen" "Roe Wen" and "Roewen". Although the Religious Census of 1851 records the name "Ro-wen", most early 20th-century maps simply use the name "Y Ro", Welsh for "gravel" or "pebbles". Wen means "white", or could mean "holy". The Afon Roe, a tributary of the River Conwy, flows through the village. A tributary of Afon Roe is Afon Tafolog, which drains the eastern slopes of Drum, a mountain in the Carneddau mountains. In the book Crwydro Arfon (1959, by Alun Llewelyn-Williams), Rowen is described as "...one of the loveliest villages in Wales" (p. 77). The following poem, called "Llais Afon, Ro" ("Voice of Afon Ro"), was written by G. Gerallt Davies in 1945: And, in 1941 he published "Y Ffynnon": The village has a hotel, Tir y Coed; a pub, Y Tŷ Gwyn; and a memorial hall, but the small primary school closed in 2011. There is a youth hostel on the slope a mile to the west of the village. Social housing came to the village in the 1960s - Llanerch Estate. In the past, the village had a greater significance; it had three mills, and several ale houses and inns. It also had a pandy or fulling mill, so woollen cloth must have been made nearby. The village is identified in the Caerhun common enclosure award maps. The award map refers to the creation of the White Hart Road on the mountain above Fotty Gwyn and the Roman bridge, possibly related to the old royal mail coaching days. There are past associations with cattle droving and fairs. Bulkley Mill (completed 1684) is one of the notable old mills of the village. One historic source refers to a mountain cloudburst happening above the village, with properties being lost (probably in the mid-1800s). Nearby is the Roman road route through Bwlch-y-Ddeufaen, with its cromlech Maen-y-Bardd. Part of the A Family at War series (Granada TV) was filmed here.

Tal y Fan is an outlying peak of the Carneddau mountains in North Wales. It is one of the four Marilyns that make up the Carneddau, the others being Carnedd Llywelyn, Pen Llithrig y Wrach and Creigiau Gleision. It is 610 metres (2,001 ft) high, and lies midway between the Conwy valley to the east and Penmaenmawr on the coast to the north-west. It is the most northerly 2000 ft summit in Wales. On 6 May 2013 BBC News reported that a precise GPS measurement of Tal y Fan's height had been verified by the Ordnance Survey as 609.98 metres or 2,001 feet, confirming its status as a mountain. Bwlch y Ddeufaen separates Tal y Fan from the main Carneddau ridge, the closest summit on which is Carnedd y Ddelw. Pen y Castell is directly opposite to the south.

Coed Gorswen National Nature Reserve lies on the lower slopes of the Conwy Valley, in the vicinity of Rowen and Llanbedr-y-Cennin. Its gentle landscape of small woodlands, grazed fields and lattice of hedgerows creates an attractive and peaceful lowland scene. Boulders up to the size of cars scattered across the reserve provide striking evidence of Ice Age activity. Its bouldery nature is perhaps what protected the woodland over the centuries as surrounding land was cleared for human use.

Pen y Gaer (or Pen-y-gaer) is the location of a Bronze Age and Iron Age hillfort near the village of Llanbedr-y-Cennin in the Conwy valley, Wales. A natural defensive site, it had a long history of occupation, indicated by the complexity of the defences, which were amended over time. There are two Bronze Age cairns on the north-west slope, and extensive prehistoric and later field systemsare nearby. The remains as seen today are mostly of Iron Age origin, but further earthworks, probably of medieval origin, lie on the south-eastern slopes. The remains of the two walls of stone can be seen, as can those of a chevaux-de-frise. The entrance is to the west, and access can be gained from a car park, reached by the road from the village.

Sychnant Pass (Welsh: Bwlch Sychnant, "Dry-stream Pass") in Conwy County Borough, Wales, links Conwy to Penmaenmawr via Dwygyfylchi. Much of the pass is in Snowdonia National Park, and a large area of land within it has been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest. At the bottom is the village of Capelulo, which lends its name to the community of Penmaenmawr. Before the coming of the railway to the North Wales coast, the road through Sychnant Pass was the route of choice for mail coaches at high tide, when the faster and safer route along the sands was unusable. After leaving Conwy, the route runs westward through the valley on the south side of Mynydd y Dref (Conwy Mountain), which is topped by the hillfort of Castell Caer Seion. There are parallel tracks and footpaths (including the North Wales Path) on Mynydd y Dref for most of the way. Also Allt-Wen (837 ft, 255 m) and Penmaenbach (804 ft, 245 m) can be climbed from here. At the western end of the valley, the Sychnant Pass Road runs between the stone walls of the Pensychnant estate and through a narrow gap in the surrounding hills before descending steeply to the valley floor at Capelulo, reputedly the site of an early medieval chapel of Saint Ulo. Here there are two inns, a restaurant and a bistro, and in the ravine behind the inns is Nant Ddaear-y-llwynog (the Fairy Glen), a Victorian nature trail. From Capelulo it is an easy walk or short drive to the coast at Penmaenmawr.

Dwygyfylchi (Welsh: [dʊɨɡəˈvəlχi]) is a village in Conwy County Borough, Wales. It is part of the community of Penmaenmawr which has a population of 4,353. The electoral ward of Capelulo which includes Dwygyfylchi had a population of 1,485 in 2011. It forms part of the historic county of Caernarfonshire.

Henryd () is a village and community on the western slopes of the Conwy valley in Conwy county borough, north Wales. It lies about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Conwy, off the B5106 road. At the 2001 census, it had a population of 594, increasing to 715 at the 2011 census.The meaning of Henryd in English is "Old ford", with hen meaning "old" and rhyd (mutated to ryd) meaning "ford". The River Henryd, a tributary of the River Conwy, flows through the village. The village has a Nonconformist chapel and a small primary school Ysgol Llangelynnin. The oldest building in the village is Ffarm Henryd (Henryd Farm). The field behind Maes Refail estate is known as Cae Ffarm (Farm field). The village well still exists in the field on the other side of the river. Plas Iolyn is a grade II listed country house set in its own grounds some 1.5 km (1 mile) north of the village. The community includes the settlements of Llechwedd, Groesffordd and Iolyn Park. The village is a popular starting point for walks in the northern Snowdonia mountains, especially the Carneddau. Nearby is Parc Mawr, an area of woodland now owned by the Woodland Trust, who are replacing the 1960s-planted conifers with native species. Also nearby is the Roman road route through Bwlch-y-Ddeufaen, and the ancient 12th century parish church of Llangelynnin.

Llanbedr-y-Cennin is a small village in Conwy county borough, Wales, in the community of Caerhun. It lies in the foothills on the western side of the Conwy valley, in Wales. The river Conwy runs through the valley, running into the sea to the north, at the town of Conwy, which is about five miles north of the village. The village lies on the eastern edge of the Snowdonia National Park. Near the village lies the Iron Age fort of Pen y Gaer. The village itself has no bus service, but buses can be accessed at nearby Tal-y-Bont. In recent years the village has become popular with ornithologists as one of the best places in Wales to observe rare hawfinches. They feed adjacent to the churchyard, attracting many bird watchers in early spring.

Bwlch-y-Ddeufaen (Welsh: Gap/Pass of the Two Stones) is a mountain pass in Conwy county borough, north Wales, traversable only on foot or horseback, following the former Roman road from Caerhun (Canovium) to Caernarfon (Segontium). The route may be followed by road to Rowen or to Llanbedr-y-Cennin and from either, the way, through a mountain gate, is a clearly marked green path to Abergwyngregyn. The route lies between the peaks of Tal y Fan and Drum, in the Carneddau range in north Snowdonia. The distance from Rowen to Abergwyngregyn is about nine miles of mostly high mountain footpath. Near the Abergwyngregyn end, the route forms part of the North Wales Path.

Castell Caer Seion is an Iron Age hillfort situated at the top of Conwy Mountain, in Conwy County, North Wales. It is unusual for the fact that the main fort contains a smaller, more heavily defended fort, complete with its own distinct defences and entrance, with no obvious means of access between the two. The construction date of the original fort is still unknown, but recent excavations have revealed evidence of occupation as early as the 6th century BC, whilst the smaller fort can be dated with reasonable certainty to around the 4th century BC. Whilst the forts were constructed in different periods, archaeologists have uncovered evidence of concurrent occupation, seemingly up until around the 2nd century BC. The larger fort contained around 50 roundhouses during its lifetime, whereas examinations of the smaller fort have turned up no more than six. The site was traditionally associated with Maelgwyn Gwynedd (c. 480 – c. 547 AD), but there is no evidence pointing to a 6th-century occupation. The fort and wider area beyond its boundaries have been said to retain significant archaeological potential, and are protected by law as a scheduled ancient monument.

Mynydd y Dref (Welsh : "Mountain of the Town") or Conwy Mountain is a hilly area to the west of the town of Conwy, in North Wales. To the north it overlooks the sea of Conwy Bay, and to the south lie the foothills of the Carneddau range of mountains, of which it forms a part. Mynydd y Dref is the remains of an ancient volcano that erupted about 450 million years ago.At the summit of Conwy Mountain are the Neolithic Hut Circles and the Iron Age hillfort of Castell Caer Seion (sometimes called Castell Caer Lleion). Castell Caer Seion comprised a stone walled fort, and remains show this to have been an extensive site, incorporated more than 50 hut circles and levelled platform houses, and with a citadel and outposts.Limited excavations were undertaken in 1951. No datable remains were found, only slingstones, querns and stone pestles and mortars, which suggests that, unlike many hillforts in north Wales, this site was not reoccupied in the late Roman period.Millstones were quarried on Conwy Mountain during the Napoleonic wars.Tracks and footpaths cross Conwy Mountain, and many walks, which can be accessed from Sychnant Pass at its western end. The route along Conwy Mountain comprises a section of the North Wales Path, a way-marked long-distance walk of some 60 miles which runs close to the North Wales coast between Prestatyn in the east and Bangor in the west.