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Three Bridges, London

Bridges by Isambard Kingdom BrunelNavigable aqueducts in EnglandScheduled monuments in LondonUse British English from October 2017
The Three Bridges geograph.org.uk 1183859
The Three Bridges geograph.org.uk 1183859

Three Bridges, properly known as Windmill Bridge, is a three-level crossing of bridges near Hanwell in west London, England. Designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the bridges are arranged to allow the routes of the Grand Junction Canal, Great Western and Brentford Railway, and Windmill Lane to cross each other, with the road above the canal and above the railway. This allowed the railway to be in a deep cutting so it wasn't visible from Osterley Park. Work began in 1856, and was completed in 1859. The project was Brunel's last to be finished before he died on 15 September 1859. The structure is a scheduled monument.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Three Bridges, London (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Three Bridges, London
Windmill Lane, London Hanwell (London Borough of Ealing)

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 51.5044182 ° E -0.3554333 °
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Windmill Lane
UB2 4UT London, Hanwell (London Borough of Ealing)
England, United Kingdom
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The Three Bridges geograph.org.uk 1183859
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Nearby Places

St Bernard's Hospital, Hanwell
St Bernard's Hospital, Hanwell

St Bernard's Hospital, also known as Hanwell Insane Asylum and the Hanwell Pauper and Lunatic Asylum, was an asylum built for the pauper insane, opening as the First Middlesex County Asylum in 1831. Some of the original buildings are now part of the headquarters for the West London Mental Health NHS Trust (WLMHT). Its first superintendent, Dr William Charles Ellis, was known in his lifetime for his pioneering work and his adherence to his "great principle of therapeutic employment". Sceptical contemporaries were amazed that such therapy speeded recovery at Hanwell. This greatly pleased the visiting Justices of the Peace as it reduced the long term cost of keeping each patient. Under the third superintendent John Conolly the institution became famous as the first large asylum to dispense with all mechanical restraints.The asylum is next to the village of Hanwell but parochially was in Southall (officially in the 1830s the northern precinct (chapelry) of Norwood). It is about 8 miles or 13 km west of Central London and 6 miles (10 km) south-east of Uxbridge.The building lies on a gently sloping river gravel terrace, a common feature of the Thames Valley. The land immediately to the east was further eroded by the River Brent, which flows along its eastern perimeter. At its southern boundary is the Grand Union Canal and a flight of six locks. Both the southern wall of the old asylum and the flight of locks have been designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

Royal India Asylum

The Royal India Asylum was a lunatic asylum operated by the Secretary of State for India at Hanwell between 1870 and 1892. The asylum occupied Elm Grove House in Church Road, Hanwell, a large property standing on extensive grounds that Susan Wood had first turned into an asylum. Her husband was the brother of the wife of William Ellis, the first superintendent of the Hanwell Asylum.In March 1870, the Secretary of State for India bought the Elm Grove House estate from the Perceval family for £24,500. Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt then oversaw the conversion of the property into a lunatic asylum for patients sent home from British India. The new Royal Indian Asylum opened in August 1870, taking in patients previously looked after in the East India Company’s Asylum at Pembroke House, London. One such was Captain John Dibbs (1790–1872). In 1874 the India Office was given notice that the proposed Hounslow and Metropolitan Railway was to run through the grounds of the Asylum. An Act to give effect to this was enacted in 1878, with provisions to protect the interests of the Royal Indian Asylum: a compulsory purchase was limited to no more than two acres, unless the Secretary of State consented; the railway would go through the grounds in cutting; a bridge and road over the cutting were to be built and maintained; and the railway was to be fenced off.Negotiations between the India Office and the railway centred on the price to be paid for the land, the position of the bridge, and the fencing. Dr Thomas Christie, the Superintendent of the Asylum, was consulted about the protection to be given to patients. It was agreed that an iron railing would serve the purpose and look better than the high brick wall planned by the railway company. Christie believed that patients were less likely to climb an open railing than a wall they could not see over. Bars should be vertical, except at the top and bottom, to discourage climbing. The land was conveyed in 1881.The asylum closed in 1892.