Municipality of Šempeter-Vrtojba

The Ninth Battle of the Isonzo was an Italian offensive against Austria-Hungary in the course World War I. Including a triumvirate of battles launched after the Italians' successful seizure of Gorizia in August 1916 to extend their bridgehead to the left of the town, it ended in further failure for the Italian Chief of Staff Luigi Cadorna. The battle started with an attack on Vrtojba and the northern and central areas of the Karst Plateau. With the ninth battle fought from 1–4 November 1916 the combined casualty total from the three linked battles proved sufficiently heavy to ensure that each attack was of short duration (each less than a week). The Italians suffered 75,000 casualties and the Austro-Hungarians 63,000. As always along the Soča (Isonzo), the Austro-Hungarian Army's command of the mountainous terrain provided a formidable natural barrier to the Italians' attempts to achieve a breakthrough. Cadorna had intended to ensure such a breakthrough in the wake of the capture of Gorizia during the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo, but instead the war of attrition gathered pace. Neither side could particularly afford the casualties suffered but the Austro-Hungarians in particular were finding their defensive lines increasingly stretched. Realising this they continued to call upon their German ally to provide military assistance within the sector. When the Germans finally assented (sensing the potential collapse of the Austro-Hungarian position) and constructed a combined force in time for the Twelfth Battle of Isonzo, the results were dramatic. However, with the ninth battle called off in failure on 4 November 1916 and the Italians undeniably weakened by continual offensive operations throughout the year - 1916 had seen five Isonzo operations on top of four undertaken the year before - a lengthy break was taken for the winter. Operations renewed afresh with the Tenth Battle of the Isonzo on 12 May 1917.

Vrtojba (pronounced [ʋəɾˈtoːi̯ba]; Italian: Vertoiba) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šempeter-Vrtojba in the Slovene Littoral region of Slovenia. A border crossing into Italy is located here. On the Italian side of the border, opposite Vrtojba, is the suburb of San Andrea (Slovene: Štandrež), now part of the town of Gorizia (Slovene: Gorica).

Šempeter pri Gorici (pronounced [ʃɛmˈpeːtəɾ pɾi ɡɔˈɾiːtsi] or [ʃəmˈpeːtəɾ pɾi ɡɔˈɾiːtsi]; Italian: San Pietro di Gorizia. Also Localy known as simply just Šempeter) is a town and the administrative centre of the Municipality of Šempeter-Vrtojba in the Slovene Littoral region of Slovenia. There is a border crossing into the Italian town of Gorizia. Through most of its history, it was linked to the town of Gorizia (Slovene: Gorica), which is now in Italy, whence also its name, literally meaning 'St. Peter near Gorizia'. Since 1947, it has been gravitating towards the newly established town of Nova Gorica, with which it forms a continuous conurbation.

Bilje (pronounced [ˈbiːljɛ]; Italian: Biglia) is a settlement east of Miren in the Municipality of Miren-Kostanjevica in the Littoral region of Slovenia. The hill known as Miren Castle (Slovene: Mirenski grad) rises above the settlement to the south. The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Anthony the Hermit and belongs to the Diocese of Capodistria.Bilje is the birthplace of sculptor Negovan Nemec and philosopher Dean Komel.

Bukovica (pronounced [ˈbuːkɔʋitsa]; Italian: Boccavizza) is a village in the lower Vipava Valley in the Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

The University of Nova Gorica, UNG (Slovene: Univerza v Novi Gorici), is the fourth university in Slovenia. It is located in the towns of Nova Gorica, Vipava, and Ajdovščina.

Rožna Dolina (pronounced [ˈɾoːʒna dɔˈliːna]; Italian: Valdirose, German: Rosenthal) is one of the four suburbs of the town of Nova Gorica in western Slovenia (the others being Solkan, Kromberk, and Pristava). It is on the border with Italy. Before 1947, it used to be a suburb of the town of Gorizia, which was left to Italy in the Paris Peace Conference of February 1947. It was the site of one of the major engagements in the Ten-Day War for the independence of Slovenia in June 1991. The University of Nova Gorica is located in Rožna Dolina.The largest Jewish cemetery in Slovenia and one of the largest in the Alpe-Adria region is located in Rožna Dolina. Among other graves, it contains the tomb of the Italian philosopher Carlo Michelstaedter. Lucy Christalnigg, first victim on the Isonzo Front, was a resident of Rožna Dolina. She was on her way back to Rožna Dolina in August 1914, when she was shot by two Landsturm guards at a roadblock.

Volčja Draga (pronounced [ˈʋoːu̯tʃja ˈdɾaːɡa]; Italian: Valvolciana) is a settlement in the Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

Stara Gora (pronounced [ˈstaːɾa ˈɡɔːɾa]; Italian: Montevecchio) is a dispersed settlement southeast of Rožna Dolina in the Municipality of Nova Gorica in western Slovenia. One of the two town cemeteries of Nova Gorica is located in Stara Gora.

Renče (pronounced [ˈɾeːntʃɛ]; Italian: Ranziano) is a settlement in the lower Vipava Valley in the Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko in the Littoral region of Slovenia.The hamlets of Arčoni, Lukežiči, Martinuči, Mohorini, Merljaki (Mrljaki until 1993), Renški Podkraj, and Žigoni were independent settlements until 2000, when they were incorporated into Renče. The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saints Hermagoras and Fortunatus and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

Pristava (pronounced [pɾiˈstaːʋa]; Italian: Prestava, Friulian: Rafût, German: Prestau), also known locally as Rafut (pronounced [ɾaˈfuːt]), is one of the four suburbs of the town of Nova Gorica in the Gorizia region of western Slovenia (the other three are Solkan, Rožna Dolina, and Kromberk).Between the late 18th century and 1947, it used to be a suburb of the town of Gorizia (now in Italy). When the city was partitioned in 1947, most of the city center remained in Italy, while its eastern suburbs were annexed to Yugoslavia. Part of Pristava (Rafut) remained in Italy, and while part of it became part of Slovenia. In some cases, the border was drawn literally between individual houses. Until Slovenia's entry into the Schengen zone in 2007, a local border pass functioned in Pristava.The Kostanjevica Monastery, in which Charles X of France is buried, is located on a hill above the settlement.

The province of Gorizia (Italian: provincia di Gorizia; Slovene: Goriška pokrajina; Friulian: provincie di Gurize) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Initially disbanded on 30 September 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Gorizia (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Gorizia; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Gorica; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Gurize), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020.