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St. Stanislaus Kostka Church (St. Louis, Missouri)

1880 establishments in MissouriBuildings and structures in St. LouisChurches in St. LouisChurches on the National Register of Historic Places in MissouriIndependent Catholic denominations
Landmarks of St. LouisNational Register of Historic Places in St. LouisPolish-American Roman Catholic parishes in the United StatesPolish-American culture in MissouriReligious organizations established in 1880Roman Catholic churches in MissouriTourist attractions in St. Louis
StStanKostka
StStanKostka

St. Stanislaus Kostka Church is an independent Catholic church located in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Formerly a parish belonging to the Catholic Church, it was established in 1880 to serve the Polish community in the Archdiocese of St. Louis. It is considered to be the best example of the opulent Polish Cathedral style of architecture west of the Mississippi River. The church is notable for a highly publicized dispute over control of the parish and its assets between the church's lay board of directors and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis. In December 2005, Archbishop Raymond Leo Burke declared the parish's board members and its priest, Marek Bozek, excommunicated and announced his intention to disband the parish with the likelihood that the premises would be sold. The parish responded by holding a Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve attended by 1,500 to 2,000 people. The church and the archdiocese settled their legal dispute in 2013. The parish continues to be maintained and managed by its parishioners as a not-for-profit corporation, calling itself "Catholic", but unaffiliated with the Roman Catholic Church.

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St. Stanislaus Kostka Church (St. Louis, Missouri)
North 20th Street, St. Louis

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N 38.64228 ° E -90.20575 °
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North 20th Street
63107 St. Louis
Missouri, United States
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Pruitt–Igoe
Pruitt–Igoe

The Wendell O. Pruitt Homes and William Igoe Apartments, known together as Pruitt–Igoe (), were joint urban housing projects first occupied in 1954 in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The complex consisted of 33 eleven-story high rises, designed in the modernist architectural style by Minoru Yamasaki. It was constructed with federal funds on the site of a former slum as part of the city's urban renewal program. The project was originally intended to be racially segregated; a Supreme Court ruling forced the project to be integrated on opening, but from the beginning it almost exclusively accommodated African Americans. When it opened, it was one of the largest public housing developments in the country. Although initially viewed as an improvement over the tenement housing in the slums, living conditions in Pruitt–Igoe began to deteriorate soon after completion, and by the mid 1960s it was plagued by poor maintenance, high crime, and low occupancy. Vandalism and juvenile delinquency were endemic problems. Numerous attempts to reverse the decline failed, and in 1972 several of the buildings were demolished by explosives in a widely televised event. By 1976, all 33 buildings had been taken down. Pruitt–Igoe has come to represent some of the failures of urban renewal, public-policy planning, and public housing. In the years immediately following its demolition, the project's failure was widely attributed to architectural flaws that created a hostile and unsafe environment; Charles Jencks described its demolition as "the day Modern architecture died". More recent appraisals have placed a greater emphasis on social and political factors, notably the decline in St. Louis's population and fiscal problems with the local housing authority. As of 2016, the Pruitt–Igoe site remained vacant and overgrown.

Geography of St. Louis
Geography of St. Louis

St. Louis is located at 38°38′53″N 90°12′44″W.The city is built primarily on bluffs and terraces that rise 100–200 feet (30–61 m) above the western banks of the Mississippi River, just south of the Missouri-Mississippi confluence. Much of the area is a fertile and gently rolling prairie that features low hills and broad, shallow valleys. Both the Mississippi River and the Missouri River have cut large valleys with wide flood plains. Limestone and dolomite of the Mississippian epoch underlies the area and much of the city is a karst area, with numerous sinkholes and caves, although most of the caves have been sealed shut; many springs are visible along the riverfront. Significant deposits of coal, brick clay, and millerite ore were once mined in the city, and the predominant surface rock, the St. Louis Limestone, is used as dimension stone and rubble for construction. The St. Louis Geologic fault is exposed along the bluffs and was the source of several historic minor earthquakes; it is part of the St. Louis Anticline which has some petroleum and natural gas deposits outside of the city. St. Louis is also just north of the New Madrid Seismic Zone which in 1811–12 produced a series of earthquakes that are the largest known in the contiguous United States. Seismologists estimate 90% probability of a magnitude 6.0 earthquake by 2040 and 7-10% probability of a magnitude 8.0, such tremors could create significant damage across a large region of the central U.S. including St. Louis. Near the southern boundary of the City of St. Louis (separating it from St. Louis County) is the River des Peres, virtually the only river or stream within the city limits that is not entirely underground. Most of River des Peres was either channelized or put underground in the 1920s and early 1930s. The lower section of the river was the site of some of the worst flooding of the Great Flood of 1993. Near the central, western boundary of the city is Forest Park, site of the 1904 World's fair, the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904, and the 1904 Summer Olympics, the first Olympic Games held in North America. At the time, St. Louis was the fourth most populous city in the United States. The Missouri River forms the northern border of St. Louis County, exclusive of a few areas where the river has changed its course. The Meramec River forms most of its southern border. To the east is the City and the Mississippi River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 171.3 km² (66.2 mi²). 160.4 km² (61.9 mi²) of it is land and 11.0 km² (4.2 mi² or 6.39%) of it is water.