Nanclares de la Oca

Víllodas (in Basque Biloda and officially Víllodas/Biloda) is a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain. It had 304 inhabitants in 2015 and it is located between the villages of Nanclares de la Oca and Trespuentes. Until 1976, when it became part of Iruña de Oca, it was next to the village of Trespuentes within the separate municipality of Iruña.

The Santa Catalina Botanical Garden (Basque: Santa Katalinako lorategi botanikoa, Spanish: Jardín botánico de Santa Catalina) is located in the municiaplity of Iruña de Oca, province of Álava, Basque Country, Spain. The garden is centered around the ruins of the Santa Catalina convent, located between the Zadorra river and the Badaia Range, close to Trespuentes.

Veleia was a Roman town in Hispania, now located in the province of Álava, Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. The site is located in the municipality of Iruña de Oca, 10 kilometers west of Vitoria. The town was an important station on the Roman road ab Asturica Burdigalam that ran parallel to the coast of the Bay of Biscay. At its apogee, the city could have been inhabited by some five to ten thousand people, and apparently went through different cycles of prosperity and decline into the Early Middle Ages until it was finally abandoned. It has been argued (e.g. J.M.Lacarra) that the location of Iruña is actually the Victoriacum founded by Liuvigild in his campaigns against the Vascones (581), since only a very small portion of the actual town has been unearthed so far by archaeologists. The archaeological site of Iruña-Veleia is the most important from the Roman period in the Basque Country. It was alleged to contain the oldest known texts written in the Basque language as well as, allegedly, the oldest representation of the crucifixion of Jesus found to date, but later it was said that the findings were forgeries. Other authors favored their genuinely ancient provenance, in agreement with the stratigraphic dating performed by the archaeologists who made the discoveries. In June 2020 the archaeologist who had made the claims, Eliseo Gil, was pronounced guilty of fraud and connivance with an external collaborator in presenting a false report. The court ruled that the pieces had been altered “by himself or through third persons with contemporary incisions to simulate that they contained inscriptions of the same ancient age as the objects in which they were engraved and that they possessed a historical and cultural value of which they were devoid.”. The verdict was appealed by Gil, but the appeal was dismissed. Subsequently, Gil filed an appeal to the Constitutional Court. In parallel to the court developments, a scholarly controversy on the authenticity of the inscriptions is taking place.

Trespuentes (in Basque Tresponde and officially Tresponde/Trespuentes) is a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain. Its name comes from the Latin Tras pontem, which is translated as on the other side of the bridge. This is because a bridge which is still on and which separated the village from the Iruña-Veleia Roman city. In 2015 it had 265 inhabitants. Nowadays it is within the municipality of Iruña de Oca, but until 1976 Trespuentes was the capital village of another municipality called Iruña, which also comprised the neighbor village of Víllodas.

The Tower of Mendoza (Spanish: Torre de Mendoza, Basque: Mendoza dorretxea) is a tower located in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1984. The tower is strategically located between the roads of Old Castile and the Ebro river. The Tower of Mendoza is a fortified tower located in the village of Mendoza, near Vitoria-Gasteiz (Álava, País Vasco, Spain). It was built in the thirteenth century as a residence of the House of Mendoza.

Álava (IPA: [ˈalaβa] in Spanish) or Araba (Basque pronunciation: [aˈɾaba]), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see. Its capital city, Vitoria-Gasteiz, is also the seat of the political main institutions of the Basque Autonomous Community. It borders the Basque provinces of Biscay and Gipuzkoa to the north, the community of La Rioja to the south, the province of Burgos (in the community of Castile and León) to the west and the community of Navarre to the east. The Enclave of Treviño, surrounded by Alavese territory, is however part of the province of Burgos, thus belonging to the autonomous community of Castile and León, not Álava. It is the largest of the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Community in geographical terms, with 3,037 km2, but also the least populated with 331,700 inhabitants (2019).

Mendoza (Spanish pronunciation: [menˈdoθa], Basque pronunciation: [mendos̻a]) is a hamlet and concejo located in the municipality of Vitoria-Gasteiz, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain.

Aríñez or Ariñiz (Ariz in Basque) is a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain. It is part of the Victorian Southwest Rural Zone, and it has 116 inhabitants. Aríñez lies 8.5 km West of Vitoria-Gasteiz, next to the A-102 highway, a branch of the A-1 (Madrid-Irún) expressway. Its most representative building is the San Julián y Santa Basilisa Parochial Church, which combines the renaissance and baroque styles. These saints' celebrations take place on 9 January, and Saint Thomas's celebrations take place on 21 December.

Álava (Basque: Araba) is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects four deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Álava. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Álava (Basque: Araba) is one of the three constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Basque Parliament, the regional legislature of the Basque Autonomous Community. The constituency currently elects 25 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Álava. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Álava (Basque: Araba) is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Álava. The electoral system uses an open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Martioda (Spanish: Mártioda) is a hamlet and concejo in the municipality of Vitoria-Gasteiz, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. The Hurtado de Mendoza tower, one of the most significant medieval structures in Álava, is located in Martioda.