Battle of Callao

BAP Abtao (SS-42) is an Abtao-class submarine of the Peruvian Navy. The vessel which was originally named BAP Tiburón ("Shark"), was constructed by the American Electric Boat company in the United States and launched in 1953. The Abtao class were the last submarines constructed by the United States for the export market. The submarine entered service in 1954 and by presidential decree, was renamed Abtao for the battle during the Chincha Islands War. Armed with six 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes and a 5 in (127 mm)/25 caliber gun, the 243 ft (74.1 m) submarine took part in the rescue of the crew of BAP Pacocha, another submarine that had sunk following a collision. Abtao was taken out of service in 1999 and converted into a museum ship located in Lima, Peru. Abtao was the first museum ship in Latin America.

The St. Joseph's Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de San José ) also called Callao Cathedral or Callao's Main Church is a religious building in El Callao part of the constitutional province of Callao part of the South American country of Peru. It is a property of the Catholic Church. The building is neoclassical in style. The construction was completed in 1893 with the design of Antonio Dañino. It was remodeled after an earthquake in 1970. On September 16, 1995, it was officially consecrated as Callao Cathedral. It is the mother church or main church of the Diocese of Callao (Diocese Callaënsis) that was created in 1967 by Pope Paul VI through the bull Aptiorem Ecclesiarum. It is under the pastoral responsibility of Bishop José Luis Del Palacio and Pérez-Medel.

Callao (Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈʎao]) is a Peruvian seaside city and region on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area. Callao is Peru's chief seaport and home to its main airport, Jorge Chávez International Airport. Callao municipality consists of the whole Callao Region, which is also coterminous with the Province of Callao. Founded in 1537 by the Spaniards, the city has a long naval history as one of the main ports in Latin America and the Pacific, as it was one of vital Spanish towns during the colonial era. Central Callao is about 15 km (9.3 mi) west of the Historic Centre of Lima.

Callao is one of the seven districts of the Constitutional Province of Callao in the Callao Region, Peru. The Chillón River marks the district's northern border with Ventanilla. On the east, the Callao district is bordered by the Carmen de la Legua-Reynoso as well as the Lima Province's districts of San Martín de Porres and Lima. The Bellavista and the La Perla districts are located to the southeast, while La Punta borders the district on the west. The Pacific Ocean borders the province on the west and south. At 1956, it expanded to the north, encompassing latifunds, lands and estates that belonged to the San Martín de Porres District and the Carabayllo District. During this expansion, the Jorge Chávez International Airport is built.Since Jorge Chávez International Airport as well as Peru's main seaport are located in this district, Callao is the largest port of entry to Peru. The city of Callao forms a conurbation with Lima and thus, the district is economically, socially and culturally integrated with this city. (See: Lima and Callao Metropolitan Area).

The Real Felipe Fortress was built to defend the main Peruvian port and the city of Lima from pirates and corsairs during colonial times. The fortress was pivotal in the 1826 naval battle between a Spanish fleet sent to South America to "reclaim" its colonies and land batteries in the coast of Peru. The Real Felipe Fortress is currently the Peruvian Army Museum, displaying historical uniforms, weapons and other military paraphernalia.

The Blockade of Callao was a military operation that occurred during the War of the Pacific or the Salitre War and that consisted of the Chilean squadron preventing the entry of ships to the port of Callao and the neighboring coves between 10 April 1880 and 17 January 1881.

Callao Naval Base (Spanish: Base Naval del Callao) is the main naval base of the Peruvian Navy. Located north of the main port of Callao, it is also a high-security prison, where members of terrorist groups such as the Shining Path and the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) are located. The base hosts a dockyard and naval aviation base, as we;; as the Naval Medical Center, which contains the U.S. Navy's Naval Medical Research Unit Six.A project to modernise the base started in the northern part of the facility on June 21, 2023.

The first siege of Callao was a prolonged military blockade of the Real Felipe Fortress (as well as other fortresses) in Callao by the Liberating Expedition of Peru under the command of General José de San Martín in July 1821 which culminated in the capitulation of Marshal José de La Mar in September of the same year, with him switching sides from the Royalist side to the Patriot side.

The second siege of Callao was the longest lasting siege that occurred on the Pacific coast during the Spanish American wars of independence. The siege was carried out by the combined Gran Colombian and Peruvian independence forces against the royalist soldiers defending the Real Felipe Fortress in the port of Callao, who refused to surrender, and refused to accept the capitulation of the Battle of Ayacucho. The siege took place from December 5, 1824 to January 23, 1826, when the royalist stronghold was defeated, ending the Spanish Empire's presence in South America.

The third siege of Callao was a siege that took place in 1838 during the War of the Confederation between the United Restoration Army, supported by the Chilean army and the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. The confederates defeated the restorationist forces, who then retreated to Huacho due to the advance of the confederate army led by Andrés de Santa Cruz.

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Callao (Latin: Callaën(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Callao in the Ecclesiastical province of Lima in Peru.

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Chimbote (Latin: Cimbotien(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Chimbote in the Ecclesiastical province of Trujillo in Peru.