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Galilee earthquake of 1837

1837 disasters in Asia1837 earthquakes1837 in Ottoman Syria19th-century disasters in the Ottoman EmpireEarthquakes in the Levant
GalileeHistory of SafedJanuary 1837 eventsNatural disasters in Ottoman SyriaStrike-slip earthquakes
1837 Galilee earthquake epicentre
1837 Galilee earthquake epicentre

The Galilee earthquake of 1837, often called the Safed earthquake, shook the Galilee on January 1 and is one of a number of moderate to large events that have occurred along the Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system that marks the boundary of two tectonic plates; the African Plate on the west and the Arabian Plate on the east. Intensity assessments for the event were VIII (Damaging) on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale and VIII (Heavily damaging) on the European Macroseismic Scale. A 1977 assessment of the event that was published in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America had the epicenter just north of the city of Safed and the magnitude of 6.25–6.5, but in 1997 seismologist Nicholas Ambraseys argued that the event may have been more substantial. The event was well-documented by the nineteenth-century missionary, archaeologist, and author William McClure Thomson. The region in which the earthquake occurred was formally part of the Ottoman Empire but at the time, it was under control of the Egyptians, who were occupying after they had seized it during conflict.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Galilee earthquake of 1837 (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Galilee earthquake of 1837
Merom HaGalil Regional Council

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 33 ° E 35.5 °
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1311502 Merom HaGalil Regional Council
North District, Israel
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1837 Galilee earthquake epicentre
1837 Galilee earthquake epicentre
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Jamnith
Jamnith

Jamnith (Greek: Ἰαμνειθ), also Jabnith, Yavnit (Hebrew: יבנית), Iamnia, or in medieval parlance, Ibnit / Abnit / Ovnit, is a ruin in the Upper Galilee that came to renown during the First Jewish Revolt in the 1st-century CE. The ruin, known locally by the name Khurbet esh-Sheikh Banit, or simply Kh. Banît, lies about 3.4 kilometres (2.1 mi) to the northeast of Safed, in the Biriya Forest, and was once a fortified town towards the northeast of Mount Canaan (Hebrew: Har Kena'an), upon a hill called Har Yavnit. The hill on which the village ruins lie rises 836 metres (2,743 ft) above sea level and overlooks the Hula valley. Access to the ruin is now restricted because of an enclosed military installation built over the site. The village is mentioned twice in the writings of Josephus as being in the Upper Galilee; once in The Jewish War (2.20.6) under the appellation Ἰαμνειθ, and again in Vita §37 under the name Ίαμνια, and is distinguished from the Jamnia of Judaea. Josephus testifies of himself that he assisted in building the wall of the village, the reference perhaps being to funding its building project. The hilltop fortress has no natural spring, suggesting that its inhabitants relied upon rock-cut cisterns for water, of which several can be found on the site. The fate of the town's defenders is not known, but they are presumed to have surrendered after the fall of Tarichaea.Victor Guérin visited the site in the late 19th-century and found on the plateau of the elevated hill, which he called Kharbet Benit, what he described as "a village, now overthrown from top to bottom, and of which there are only many piles of stones from demolished houses." Earlier, in 1838, the site was visited by Edward Robinson, who wrote, "here (Benit) are the slight remains of a former village, situated directly on the brow of the mountains enclosing the Huleh, and commanding a splendid view over the whole basin and the surrounding region."Michael Avi-Yonah thought that the priestly course known as Bilgah had its place of residence in Yavnit.