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Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens

2nd-century religious buildings and structures6th-century BC religious buildings and structuresAncient Greek buildings and structures in AthensAncient Greek cultureHadrianic building projects
Landmarks in AthensRuins in GreeceTemples in ancient AthensTemples of ZeusUnfinished buildings and structures
L'Olympieion (Athènes) (30776483926)
L'Olympieion (Athènes) (30776483926)

The Temple of Olympian Zeus (Greek: Ναός του Ολυμπίου Διός, Naós tou Olympíou Diós), also known as the Olympieion or Columns of the Olympian Zeus, is a former colossal temple at the center of the Greek capital Athens. It was dedicated to "Olympian" Zeus, a name originating from his position as head of the Olympian gods. Construction began in the 6th century BC during the rule of the Athenian tyrants, who envisaged building the greatest temple in the ancient world, but it was not completed until the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century AD, some 638 years after the project had begun. During the Roman period the temple, which included 104 colossal columns, was renowned as the largest temple in Greece and housed one of the largest cult statues in the ancient world. The temple's glory was short-lived, as it fell into disuse after being pillaged during a barbarian invasion in 267 AD, just about a century after its completion. It was probably never repaired and was reduced to ruins thereafter. In the centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire, it was extensively quarried for building materials to supply building projects elsewhere in the city. Despite that, a substantial part of the temple remains today, notably sixteen of the original gigantic columns, and it continues to be part of a very important archaeological site of Greece.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens
Βασιλίσσης Όλγας, Athens Profitis Ilias (2nd District of Athens)

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Latitude Longitude
N 37.969372222222 ° E 23.733077777778 °
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Ολυμπιείο (Στύλοι Ολυμπίου Διός)

Βασιλίσσης Όλγας
105 58 Athens, Profitis Ilias (2nd District of Athens)
Attica, Greece
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L'Olympieion (Athènes) (30776483926)
L'Olympieion (Athènes) (30776483926)
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Arch of Hadrian (Athens)
Arch of Hadrian (Athens)

The Arch of Hadrian (Greek: Αψίδα του Αδριανού, romanized: Apsida tou Adrianou), most commonly known in Greek as Hadrian's Gate (Greek: Πύλη του Αδριανού, romanized: Pyli tou Adrianou), is a monumental gateway resembling—in some respects—a Roman triumphal arch. It spanned an ancient road from the center of Athens, Greece, to the complex of structures on the eastern side of the city that included the Temple of Olympian Zeus. It has been proposed that the arch was built to celebrate the adventus (arrival) of the Roman emperor Hadrian and to honor him for his many benefactions to the city, on the occasion of the dedication of the nearby temple complex in 131 or 132 AD. Since Hadrian had become an Athenian citizen nearly two decades before the monument was built, Kouremenos has argued that the inscriptions on the arch honor him as an Athenian rather than as the Roman emperor. It is not certain who commissioned the arch, although it is probable that it was the citizens of Athens. There were two inscriptions on the arch, facing in opposite directions, naming both Theseus and Hadrian as founders of Athens. While it is clear that the inscriptions honor Hadrian, it is uncertain whether they refer to the city as a whole or to the city in two parts: one old and one new. The early idea, however, that the arch marked the line of the ancient city wall, and thus the division between the old and the new regions of the city, has been shown to be false by further excavation. The arch is located 325 metres (1,066 ft) southeast of the Acropolis.