Area code 404

Area codes 678, 470, and 943 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the U.S. State of Georgia in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The area codes are assigned in an overlay plan to a combined numbering plan area (NPA) consisting of 404 (Atlanta and its suburbs inside Interstate 285) and 770 (Atlanta suburbs and exurbs outside of 285). Telephone numbers in area code 678 were first assigned to customers signing up for new telephone service on January 15, 1998. On September 2, 2001, area code 470, chosen by the Georgia Public Service Commission, was added to the overlay of area codes 404, 770, and 678 Telephone numbers from the NPA were assigned after exhaustion of area code 678. In October of 2020, the Georgia Public Service Commission approved the creation of a new overlay area code after they were notified by NANPA that the three existing area codes would be exhausted by the second quarter of 2023. NANPA assigned 943 to be the new area code, which went into service on March 15, 2022.Although ten-digit dialing was used in the Atlanta area since area code 770 was introduced in 1995, it was not until January 1, 1998, when 678 was implemented, that ten-digit dialing finally became required across the entire metro area.All central office prefixes of numbering plan area 404 are assigned to service providers, the last having been issued in October 2013. Prefixes 678 and 770 have also all been allocated, leaving only 470 central office codes available, although previously-used numbers are always available for reassignment to new customers. Despite existing for decades before this change, the largest customer using area code 470 is Kennesaw State University in Kennesaw, which was forced to change hundreds of telephone numbers when the Georgia Board of Regents forced schools in the University System of Georgia to implement internal telephone systems, and the FCC failed to make local number portability applicable to businesses and government, allowing AT&T to refuse KSU to take its numbers to the new provider. Kennesaw State University opted to use 470-578 (KSU) as their number prefix for the new phone numbers, outside of the normal geographical calling area for Kennesaw; 470-578 numbers are based in Atlanta Northeast and Kennesaw State University is located in the Atlanta Northwest calling area.The entire metro Atlanta region with area codes 404, 770, 678, and 470, is a local calling area, one of the largest in the United States, without long-distance charges for calls between area codes. All calls in the area are dialed with ten digits. In addition, calls to and from the Atlanta area with area codes 706 and 762, which serve most of north Georgia outside the metro area, are also local calls.

The Five Points Monument is a large public monument in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Located in the Five Points district, the monument was designed by George Beasley and installed in 1996.

Violent attacks by armed mobs of white Americans against African Americans in Atlanta, Georgia, began after newspapers, on the evening of September 22, 1906, published several unsubstantiated and luridly detailed reports of the alleged rapes of four local women by black men. The violence lasted through September 24, 1906. The events were reported by newspapers around the world, including the French Le Petit Journal which described the "lynchings in the USA" and the "massacre of Negroes in Atlanta," the Scottish Aberdeen Press & Journal under the headline "Race Riots in Georgia," and the London Evening Standard under the headlines "Anti-Negro Riots" and "Outrages in Georgia." The final death toll of the conflict is unknown and disputed, but officially at least 25 African Americans and two whites died. Unofficial reports ranged from 10–100 black Americans killed during the massacre. According to the Atlanta History Center, some black Americans were hanged from lampposts; others were shot, beaten or stabbed to death. They were pulled from street cars and attacked on the street; white mobs invaded black neighborhoods, destroying homes and businesses. The immediate catalyst was newspaper reports of four white women raped in separate incidents, allegedly by African American men. A grand jury later indicted two African Americans for raping Ethel Lawrence and her niece Mabel Lawrence. An underlying cause was the growing racial tension in a rapidly changing city and economy, competition for jobs, housing, and political power. The violence did not end until after Governor Joseph M. Terrell called in the Georgia National Guard, and African Americans accused the Atlanta Police Department and some Guardsmen of participating in the violence against them. Local histories by whites ignored the massacre for decades. It was not until 2006 that the event was publicly marked – on its 100th anniversary. The next year, the Atlanta massacre was made part of the state's curriculum for public schools.

Five Points is a district of Atlanta, Georgia, United States, the primary reference for the downtown area.

The William–Oliver Building is a 1930 Art Deco landmark building at 32 Peachtree Street NW at Five Points, Downtown Atlanta. It currently consists of 115 apartments. Its architect was Francis Palmer Smith of Pringle and Smith and was Atlanta's first completed Art Deco skyscraper. It was named after developer Thomas G. Healey's grandsons William and Oliver.

One Park Tower, alternately referenced as 34 Peachtree Street is a 134 m (440 ft) class-B office building skyscraper in Atlanta, Georgia. It was completed in 1961 and has 32 floors. It is the 24th tallest building in Atlanta, and was the tallest until it was passed by 2 Peachtree Street in 1966.

Atlanta from the Ashes, more commonly known as The Phoenix, is a bronze monument located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, symbolizing Atlanta's rise from the ashes of the Civil War to become a world city. The sculpture, dedicated in 1969, depicts a woman being lifted from flames by a phoenix, in reference to the phoenix of Greco-Roman mythology that was consumed by fire and rose from the ashes, just as Atlanta rose from the ashes after the city's infrastructure was burned by William T. Sherman's Union Army during the Civil War. The female figure has long hair and is seen nude above the waist, looking upward. In her raised arms she holds the legs of a gilded phoenix. The sculpture is mounted on a rectangular base. The monument is located in Woodruff Park, located in Downtown Atlanta. The monument was a gift of the Rich Foundation in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Rich's Department store. The sculpture was designed by James Siegler, of Houston, Texas, but it was both sculpted and fabricated in Italy, by Gamba Quirino, and Feruccia Vezzoni, respectively. The monument was originally located on a viaduct adjacent to the first Rich's Department store on Martin Luther King Jr. Drive at Spring Street from 1969 to 1995. In 1995, the sculpture was restored and moved to its current location in Woodruff Park.Since its creation, the sculpture has become an iconic symbol of Atlanta's rise from out of the ashes and destruction of the Civil War to become one of the most important international cities.

Murrell's Row was a red-light district of Atlanta "starting at the juncture of Line, Decatur and Peachtree streets" (i.e. at today's Five Points "and running back towards Pryor on Decatur street". According to Archival Atlanta: Named for the notorious Tennessee murderer, John A. Murrell, this section of town was a favorite hangout for thieves, gamblers, cutthroats, and prostitutes. Drunken brawls and cockfights were common and expected here. Before the Civil War, Murrell’s Row was the preferred meeting place for those who wanted to fight and concoct schemes. This notorious area north of Decatur Street between Peachtree and Pryor faded away shortly before the Civil War.

The Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University houses the Criminal Justice & Criminology, Economics, School of Social Work, Urban Studies and Public Management & Policy departments. Georgia State University is the largest university in the state of Georgia. The Andrew Young School enrolls more than 2,100 students each semester. Community internships and job opportunities are a major draw for enrollment, with the school being within walking distance of one of the nation’s largest concentrations of local, state and federal governments and also close to several nonprofit headquarters, such as Care USA and Habitat for Humanity.

The Norcross Building (4 Marietta Street NW, Atlanta) occupied the southwest corner of Peachtree Street and Marietta Street at Five Points in downtown Atlanta. Today the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies is located on the site. The building was owned by Jonathan Norcross, "father of Atlanta."An 1859 directory already lists a Norcross Building in this location at that time. Mr. Norcross had owned the site since at least 1844, having paid $265 for the lot.

The Atlanta Hotel also known as Thompson's Hotel, was one of the original hotels in antebellum Atlanta, Georgia. It stood at the northwest side of State Square, pre-war Atlanta's central square, on the northwest side of Pryor Street between Decatur Street (then Marietta Street) and what is now Wall Street (which before the war was the railroad track).The hotel was run by Dr. Joseph Thompson. The future vice-president of the Confederate States of America, Alexander H. Stephens, was stabbed in 1848 on the hotel's steps ("piazza") by Judge Francis H. Cone over a political argument.The hotel was destroyed during General Sherman's burning of Atlanta.

Downtown Atlanta is the central business district of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The larger of the city's two other commercial districts (Midtown and Buckhead), it is the location of many corporate and regional headquarters; city, county, state, and federal government facilities; Georgia State University; sporting venues; and most of Atlanta's tourist attractions. It measures approximately four square miles, and had 26,700 residents as of 2010. Similar to other central business districts in the United States, it has recently undergone a transformation that includes the construction of new condos and lofts, renovation of historic buildings, and arrival of new residents and businesses.