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Shrine of Our Lady of Europe

1462 establishments in Europe14th-century Roman Catholic church buildingsConversion of non-Christian religious buildings and structures into churchesFormer mosques in GibraltarOur Lady of Europe
Religious organizations established in the 1460sRoman Catholic churches in GibraltarRoman Catholic national shrinesShrines to the Virgin Mary
Shrine of Our Lady of Europe in Gibraltar (3)
Shrine of Our Lady of Europe in Gibraltar (3)

The Shrine of Our Lady of Europe is a Roman Catholic parish church and national shrine of Gibraltar located at Europa Point. The church is dedicated to Our Lady of Europe, the Catholic patroness of Gibraltar. It belongs to the European Marian Network, which links twenty Marian sanctuaries in Europe (as many as the number of decades in the Rosary).

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Shrine of Our Lady of Europe (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
Shrine Walk, Gibraltar Europa Flats

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N 36.111332 ° E -5.348293 °
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Shrine of Our Lady of Europe

Shrine Walk
GX11 1AA Gibraltar, Europa Flats
Gibraltar
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Shrine of Our Lady of Europe in Gibraltar (3)
Shrine of Our Lady of Europe in Gibraltar (3)
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University of Gibraltar

The University of Gibraltar is a degree-awarding higher education institution established by the Government of Gibraltar through the University of Gibraltar Act 2015. The founding of the university was described by Gibraltar's Chief Minister Fabian Picardo as "a coming-of-age" for the British Overseas Territory.The university's main campus is at Europa Point, the southernmost part of the Rock of Gibraltar, within a range of restored former military buildings. Aligned to UK standards, the range of disciplines offered for research and study include Business & Management, History & Culture, Education, Natural Sciences & Environment, Health & Sport Sciences and Responsible Gaming. A number of business-led professional courses are also offered including Accountancy, Gibraltar Tax, and Law. The university is a member of a number of academic and international organisations, including the Association of Commonwealth Universities (ACU). The University of Gibraltar has achieved global accreditation from the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA), the UK’s independent quality body and a global leader in quality assurance for higher education. All UK Universities are required to undergo a review by the QAA. The global accreditation, obtained for a period of five years, is awarded to international institutions who have passed the QAA’s rigorous International Quality Review (IQR), which measures global institutions against international quality assurance standards set out in Part 1 of the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG).

Defensible Barracks

The Defensible Barracks is a fortified barracks located at Europa Flats in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The British defensive strategy in Gibraltar predominantly focused on keeping enemies at a distance through the use of artillery. There were few inner lines of defence to address the risk of an enemy getting through the outer line. However, the southern tip of Gibraltar, Europa Point, was long felt to be potentially vulnerable to a surprise attack from the sea and was heavily fortified with gun batteries, perimeter walls and scarped cliffs. In 1841, Major General Sir John Thomas Jones KCB recommended in a report on Gibraltar's fortifications that provision should be made for close defence of the batteries at Europa Point, which he identified as a possible invasion route. He recommended that "all barracks should be either bombproof or fireproof, and to a certain extent defensible." To that end, he designed a defensible barracks block which could be used both as a place of relaxation and as a fortification. Its front was pierced with loopholes to facilitate rifle fire, while the walled courtyard at the rear was protected by caponiers projecting out from each wall. The walls themselves were also pierced with loopholes. The building was capable of withstanding small arms fire and a direct assault, but was still vulnerable to a naval bombardment. It was strengthened some years later by the construction of a New Defensible or Bombproof Barracks, built on the curtain wall between 1st Europa Right Flank and Woodford's Left Flank. The new barracks stood between the existing Defensible Barracks and the sea, with its massive stone wall providing shelter for the accommodation casemates. The barracks complex is now used as a children's school.

Europa Batteries
Europa Batteries

The Europa Batteries are a group of artillery batteries in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. Facing the North African coast, they are the most southerly batteries in Gibraltar and were built to cover ships approaching from the Mediterranean Sea. They run along the fortified clifftops of Europa Point from Camp Bay on the west side of the Rock of Gibraltar to the Europa Advance Batteries on the east side.The batteries were constructed in the 18th century on top of an old coastal wall built by King Charles V of Spain. There were originally only two batteries at the Point – in 1762 these were the Five Gun Battery, which mounted five 18-pdrs, and Europa Point Battery, which had a single 18-pdr. A third position, Deadman's Hole Battery, was later constructed and by 1859 the three batteries had 25 guns between them.They were subsequently reorganised into a series of seven batteries. 1st Europa Battery was a three-gun battery situated on the coastal defence wall south of Woodford's Battery. 2nd Europa was also referred to as Point or Deadman's Hole Battery and was situated a little way to the east, behind a demi-bastion at the southern end of the wall. 3rd Europa or Lighthouse Battery was situated next to the Europa Point Lighthouse and mounted three guns. The refurbished Harding's Battery was originally built on top of what was the 7th Europa Battery in 1859 and it was positioned between what became the 1st and 2nd Europa Batteries. A Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft gun was situated at Harding's during the Second World War.