Aber railway station (Gwynedd)

Abergwyngregyn (Welsh: [abɛrɡwɨnˈɡrɛɡɨn]) is a village and community of historical note in Gwynedd, a county and principal area in Wales. Under its historic name of Aber Garth Celyn it was the seat of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. It lies in the historic county of Caernarfonshire. It is located at grid reference SH653726, adjacent to the A55, five miles (8 km) east of Bangor, eight miles (13 km) west of Conwy. The Aber community, which covers an area of 2,970 hectares (11.5 sq mi), has a population of 240 (2011).

Powys Wenwynwyn or Powys Cyfeiliog was a Welsh kingdom which existed during the high Middle Ages. The realm was the southern portion of the former princely state of Powys which split following the death of Madog ap Maredudd of Powys in 1160: the northern portion (Maelor) went to Gruffydd Maelor and eventually became known as Powys Fadog; while the southern portion (Cyfeiliog) going to Owain Cyfeiliog and becoming known, eventually, as Powys Wenwynwyn after Prince Gwenwynwyn ab Owain, its second ruler. Powys Wenwynwyn and Gwynedd became bitter rivals in the years that followed, with the former frequently allying itself with England to further its own aims of weakening the latter.

The Kingdom of Powys (Welsh: Teyrnas Powys; Latin: Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain. It very roughly covered the northern two-thirds of the modern county of Powys and part of today's English West Midlands (see map). More precisely, and based on the Romano-British tribal lands of the Ordovices in the west and the Cornovii in the east, its boundaries originally extended from the Cambrian Mountains in the west to include the modern West Midlands region of England in the east. The fertile river valleys of the Severn and Tern are found here, and this region is referred to in later Welsh literature as "the Paradise of Powys" (an epithet retained in Welsh for the modern UK county).

Seisyllwg (Welsh: [sɛiˈsəɬʊɡ]) was a petty kingdom of medieval Wales. It is unclear when it emerged as a distinct unit, but according to later sources it consisted of the former Kingdom of Ceredigion plus the region known as Ystrad Tywi. Thus it covered the modern county of Ceredigion, part of Carmarthenshire, and the Gower Peninsula. It is evidently named after Seisyll, king of Ceredigion in the 7th or early 8th century, but it is unknown if he was directly responsible for its establishment. In the 10th century Seisyllwg became the centre of power for Hywel Dda, who came to rule most of Wales. In 920 Hywel merged Seisyllwg with the Kingdom of Dyfed to form the new kingdom of Deheubarth.

Glywysing was, from the sub-Roman period to the Early Middle Ages, a petty kingdom in south-east Wales. Its people were descended from the Iron Age tribe of the Silures, and frequently in union with Gwent, merging to form Morgannwg.

Coedydd Aber National Nature Reserve lies tucked away in a steep valley on the northern flanks of the Carneddau mountains, roughly midway between Bangor and Llanfairfechan in Gwynedd, Wales. Water cascades over a hard shelf of volcanic rock at the far end of the Aber valley, before plummeting 100m down the Aber Falls to flow swiftly along a torrential river channel to the sea. The nearby village of Abergwyngregyn was an important centre for the Welsh princes in the 13th century, and the valley contains some remains from this period.

The Kingdom of Ceredigion was one of several Welsh kingdoms that emerged in post-Roman Britain in the mid-5th century. Cardigan Bay to the west and the surrounding hilly geography made it difficult for foreign invaders to conquer. Its area corresponded roughly to that of the county of Ceredigion. Ceredigion transparently means "the people of Ceredig." The kingdom as an independent entity ceased to exist around the year 872.

Pen y Bryn is a two-storey manor house, in Abergwyngregyn, Gwynedd, in north-west Wales, adjacent to the A55, five miles east of Bangor and eight miles west of Conwy. It is constructed mainly of broken stone, with roughly dressed quoins and a slate roof. The house is situated within Garth Celyn, a double bank and ditch, overlooking the Menai Strait to Anglesey. A smaller house was immediately adjacent in 1811 when Sir Richard Colt-Hoare recorded it; this was demolished by 1815. The present structure incorporates a four-storey stone tower. The present roof timbers were dated by dendrochronology to 1624, when the house was refurbished. There is evidence of long use with multiple rebuildings before 1624, but there is disagreement on the duration and nature of its mediaeval use.

The Anafon River, or Afon Anafon, is a river in Gwynedd, Wales, that flows into the Afon Aber. It originates on the slopes of Foel-fras and the Drum of the Carneddau. It flows into Glyn Anafon. then north-west along the Anafon Valley, flowing past monuments of the Iron Age and the Bronze Age. It joins with the Aber Estuary just above the New Bridge, the bridge over the river on the way to the back of Abergwyngregyn.

Lavan Sands (Welsh: Traeth Lafan) is an intertidal sandbank found in the Menai Strait between Bangor, Gwynedd and Llanfairfechan, Wales. Totally underwater at high tide, at extreme low tides it measures 5.5-mile (8.9 km) east-west and 3.25-mile (5.23 km) north-south. At the western end is found another sandbank Bangor Flats and just north is the sandbank Dutchman's Bank (Welsh: Banc Yr Hen Wyddeles). At low tide the Lavan Sands make the narrowest part of the Menai Strait, at Beaumaris, a mere 237 m (778 ft). The area is designated as an SSSI due in part to the large numbers of Eurasian oystercatchers that migrate there due to the freshwater streams that flow across it.Historians have speculated that the sands might have been the launch site of the first Roman assault on Anglesey led by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus in 60AD. What is certain is that they were used as a point of departure for the ferries between the mainland and the island until the Menai Suspension Bridge was completed in 1826. Due to the busy shipping lanes in and out of Liverpool, the Sands and Dutchman's Bank have been the location of several shipwrecks over the years involving vessels that have gone off course or have been looking for shelter from the Irish Sea. One of the best known is that of the Rothsay Castle on 18 August 1831 in which 130 people died. The disaster led to the establishment of a lifeboat station at Penmon and to the completion of Trwyn Du Lighthouse in 1837.From the mainland the Sands are extensively viewable from both the Wales Coast Path and the North Wales Coast Line railway. From Anglesey the best views are from Beaumaris and the Anglesey Coastal Path.

The Battle of Y Dalar Hir took place on 5 June 1648 in Caernarfonshire, North Wales, during the Second English Civil War. While little more than a skirmish, it had a significant effect on the local progress of the conflict.Leading Welsh Royalist Sir John Owen of Clenennau mustered a group of 250-300 cavalry and foot in an attempt to raise North Wales in rebellion against Parliament; on 3 June he defeated local militia in a skirmish near Caernarfon and besieged Caernarfon Castle. Colonel George Twisleton, Parliamentarian governor of Denbigh, confronted Owen at Y Dalar Hir on the shore of the Menai Straits near Llandegai, where the Royalists were scattered and Owen captured, effectively ending the spread of the rebellion in North Wales.

Aber Falls (Welsh: Rhaeadr Fawr) is a waterfall located about two miles (3 km) south of the village of Abergwyngregyn, Gwynedd, Wales. The waterfall is formed as the Afon Goch plunges about 120 feet (37 m) over a sill of igneous rock in the foothills of the Carneddau range. Two tributaries merge; the enlarged stream is known as Afon Rhaeadr Fawr; from the road bridge, Bont Newydd ("New Bridge"), the name becomes Afon Aber.