University of Opole

Ryszard Kowalczyk (20 February 1937 – 17 October 2017) and his younger brother Jerzy Kowalczyk (born 1942) were Polish brothers who planted a bomb as a protest against communist rule in Poland. The Kowalczyk brothers were scientists at Opole University. They planted a bomb there on 6 October 1971 as a protest against the violence perpetrated by the communist authorities against the workers' protest. A big celebration for the Służba Bezpieczeństwa and Milicja Obywatelska was to take place at the university in the morning of the following day. The explosion destroyed the big university hall where the celebrations were to take place. Although no-one was injured, a wide investigation was launched and the Kowalczyks were quickly arrested. On 8 September 1972 the court in Opole sentenced Jerzy to death and Ryszard as his helper to 25 years in prison. The sentence was confirmed by the Supreme Court on 18 December 1972. Such severe sentences resulted in protests from Jan Józef Szczepański, Wisława Szymborska, Jerzy Szacki, Stanisław Lem, Daniel Olbrychski and Catholic authorities. On 19 January 1973 the Council of State reduced Jerzy Kowalczyk's sentence to 25 years in prison. With the rise of Solidarity in the 1980s, pardons were issued and the brothers were freed for good behavior: Ryszard in 1983 and Jerzy in 1985. In 1991 President Lech Wałęsa decided that their sentences were legally forgotten which would allow them to work again. Still this declaration and following it legal procedure, has not been confirmed by the Supreme Court, which in January 2002 ruled that the conviction of the Kowalczyks could not be appealed, justifying it mainly but not uniquely by the reasons of the legal procedure. The ruling closed the appeal possibilities in this case.

Solaris Center is a commercial and entertainment complex in Opole, Poland, located on the Copernicus Square (pl. Plac Kopernika), next to the University of Opole. The Center was opened on March 4, 2009.

Opole Silesia or Opolian Silesia (Polish: , also known as Opolszczyzna, German: Oppelner Schlesien, Silesian: Ôpolski Ślōnsk, Czech: Opolské Slezsko), is a loosely defined historical region of Poland, part of Upper Silesia. Throughout much of its history, the region was ruled by the Duchy of Opole and other Silesian duchies, formed during the medieval fragmentation of Piast-ruled Poland. Following the Silesian Wars, the region became part of Prussia, and from 1871 to 1945 it was incorporated into Germany. After Germany's defeat in World War II, in accordance with the Oder–Neisse line, Opole Silesia was reintegrated into Poland.

Opole Town Hall - a town hall built in the Neo-Renaissance architectural style in the Śródmieście borough in Opole. The town hall was built on the exemplar of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy.

New Synagogue was a synagogue in Oppeln, Germany (today Opole, Poland). It was built in 1893–1897, designed by Felix Henry. During the Kristallnacht on 9–10 November 1938 Nazis forced Rabbi Hans Hirschberg to set the building on fire.

The Cathedral of the Holy Cross (Polish: Katedra Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego) also called Opole Cathedral is a religious building affiliated with the Catholic Church that serves as a parish church and the cathedral city of Opole in Poland. The church belongs to the parish of the Holy Cross in Opole in the deanery of Opole, part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Opole (established in 1972). On April 3, 1964, the temple was entered in the register of regional monuments of Opole under number 763/64. The current church was built in the fifteenth century on the site where before there was a structure of the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. It was rebuilt several times. With towers with a height of 73 meters is the tallest structure in the city. In the temple there is a painting of the Virgin of Opole, brought there permanently in 1702. The Cathedral contains the Piast Chapel, which is the burial site of Duke Jan II the Good of the Piast dynasty.

The Diocese of Opole (Latin: Dioecesis Opoliensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Opole in the ecclesiastical province of Katowice in Poland.

The Province of Upper Silesia (German: Provinz Oberschlesien; Silesian German: Provinz Oberschläsing; Silesian: Prowincyjŏ Gōrny Ślōnsk; Polish: Prowincja Górny Śląsk) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. It comprised much of the region of Upper Silesia and was eventually divided into two government regions (Regierungsbezirke) called Kattowitz (1939–1945), and Oppeln (1819–1945). The provincial capital was Oppeln (1919–1938) and Kattowitz (1941–1945), while other major towns included Beuthen, Gleiwitz, Hindenburg O.S., Neiße, Ratibor and Auschwitz, added in 1941 (the place of future extermination of Jews in World War II). Between 1938 and 1941 it was reunited with Lower Silesia as the Province of Silesia.

Duchy of Opole (Polish: Księstwo opolskie; German: Herzogtum Oppeln; Czech: Opolské knížectví) was one of the duchies of Silesia ruled by the branch of Polish Piast dynasty. Its capital was Opole (Oppeln, Opolí) in Upper Silesia.

The Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (Polish: Księstwo opolsko-raciborskie, German: Herzogtum Oppeln und Ratibor) was one of the numerous Duchies of Silesia ruled by the Silesian branch of the royal Polish Piast dynasty. It was formed in 1202 from the union of the Upper Silesian duchies of Opole and the Racibórz, in a rare exception to the continuing feudal fragmentation of the original Duchy of Silesia. In 1281 it was split again. In 1521 it was recreated by the last Silesian Piast, Duke Jan II the Good. After his heirless death the duchy fell to the Kingdom of Bohemia. It was briefly part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century; eventually like most of the then mainly German-speaking province of Silesia it was annexed by Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.

Opole Główne (Polish for Opole main station) is a major railway station in the southern Polish city of Opole. It also is the biggest station in Opole Voivodeship, with connections to all major Polish cities, several local towns of the area, as well as international locations, such as Berlin and Hamburg. The first station building for Opole Główne was completed in 1853, and back then it was called Oppeln Hauptbahnhof, as the city belonged to the German Empire. However, the original building was destroyed and another one was built in around 1899. It is still in use, and in 1926 underground access to platforms was constructed, together with the second building housing the entrance hall. The station building is in the eclectic style with neo-Gothic, neo-Renaissance, secession and neo-classical elements.The station is a crucial rail junction, as it serves several connections, including the major lines to Wrocław, Częstochowa, Kędzierzyn-Koźle, and Strzelce Opolskie. Furthermore, it serves local lines to Nysa, and Kluczbork.

Opole County (Polish: powiat opolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Opole, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Ozimek, 20 km (12 mi) east of Opole, Niemodlin, 24 km (15 mi) west of Opole, Prószków, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Opole, and Tułowice, 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Opole. The county covers an area of 1,586.82 square kilometres (612.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 123,487, out of which the population of Ozimek is 8,657, that of Niemodlin is 6,315, that of Tułowice is 4,011, that of Prószków is 2,570, and the rural population is 101,934.