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Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos

19th century in LimaBattles of the War of the PacificConflicts in 1881January 1881 events
Croquis de la Batalla de Chorrillos
Croquis de la Batalla de Chorrillos

The Battle of San Juan, also known as the Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos, was the first of two battles in the Lima Campaign during the War of the Pacific, and was fought on 13 January 1881. This battle is really a group of smaller, yet fierce confrontations at the defensive strongholds of Villa, Chorrillos, Santiago de Surco, San Juan de Miraflores, Santa Teresa and Morro Solar. The Chilean army led by Gen. Manuel Baquedano inflicted a harsh defeat on the Peruvian army commanded by the Supreme Chief Nicolás de Piérola. The Chilean triumph eliminated the first defensive line guarding Lima, and almost obliterated the Peruvian army defending it. At the end of the battle, the town of Chorrillos was burnt to the ground by the Chilean army trying to eradicate the Peruvian defenders garrisoned there. During the night, civilian abuses were committed by drunk soldiers. Despite this result, another battle had to be fought in order that the Chilean army could enter the Peruvian capital city at Miraflores, two days later.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos
Antonio Raimondi, Lima Metropolitan Area San Juan de Miraflores

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N -12.1756 ° E -76.9564 °
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Address

Mercado Pacífico 1

Antonio Raimondi
15828 Lima Metropolitan Area, San Juan de Miraflores
Lima, Peru
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Croquis de la Batalla de Chorrillos
Croquis de la Batalla de Chorrillos
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San Juan de Miraflores
San Juan de Miraflores

The district of San Juan de Miraflores is one of the forty-three districts that make up the province of Lima, located in the department of the same name, in Peru. Is one of the new towns, that have been formed by the massive numbers of people moving from other towns of Metropolitan Lima (such as Miraflores, Surquillo, La Victoria, among others) and from the countryside. During the early 1960s, was mostly a desert area. San Juan de Miraflores is divided into zones ("A", "B", "C", "D", "E", and "K"). In the early 80's, people from Cuzco, Ayacucho, Pasco, and many of the other departments that were under the attack of terrorists chose San Juan and Villa El Salvador as their new home. As new residents were coming into SJM, two new zones were created: Pamplona Alta and Pamplona Baja. This name was taken in honor of some of the Spanish missionaries (who were from Pamplona, Spain) who offered their help to the residents. One of Pamplona Alta's mains streets, "Pista Nueva" or "New Street", is an example of how new the area is. When it was first settled, many people lived without electricity, water or plumbing, often building their houses from reed mats into the steep hills, with treacherous paths leading to the houses at the top. As residents could afford building materials, they would begin to reinforce these reed mats with plywood, bricks, or whatever else they could find. Today, the houses are a hodgepodge of building materials, most in a state of continual construction as residents can afford each additional brick. Most have access to electricity, but many still lack running water or plumbing. In just the last couple of years the mayor of Lima has launched an extremely successful program to build concrete staircases, or "escapers", into the hillsides, replacing the treacherous paths and dramatically improving the living conditions of residents. These staircases are distinctively painted yellow, with bright blue signs, and neighborhood residents are hired by the city to build them. In addition to these new zones, 2 more were created. By the year 1981, America and Umamarca were created. Usually, these new zones are well known because of its highly interest of being better every day, since most of the owners are the people, who worked most of their lives (and still do) in Ciudad de Dios' Market. These areas were urbanized quickly. By 1983 and 1984, two new more zones had been created - Maria Auxiliadora and Amauta ("teacher" in English), located between zones "A" and "B". One of the main streets of Maria Auxiliadora is Pedro Miotta, which was well known as the former Panamericana Sur freeway.