La Ferrassie 1 (LF1) is a male Neanderthal skeleton estimated to be 58–50,000 years old. It was discovered at the La Ferrassie site in France by Louis Capitan and Denis Peyrony in 1909. The skull is the most complete Neanderthal skull ever found. With a cranial capacity of 1641 cm3, it is the second largest hominid skull ever discovered, after Amud 1.
The skull displays many of the "classic" examples of Neanderthal anatomy, including a low, sloping forehead and large nasal openings.The teeth are well preserved and the incisors are heavily worn down, suggesting they were used to hold objects. His leg and foot bones make it clear that Neanderthals walked upright like modern humans.
However, additional bones were also discovered. Along with the skull; the scapulae, pelvis, hand, and foot remains were identified. The hand and foot had minor damage. The hands and fingers have been linked to rare conditions and the teeth have also been the subject matter to many human evolution theories. Nonetheless, the La Ferrassie 1 remains have proved to be beneficial in studying evolution over time. La Ferrassie 1, at the time of his death, was approximated to be 45 years old. This age would coincide with other Neanderthals who were considered elderly at this age. Some researchers have also used new technology to suggest a possible dating correction of La Ferrassie 1.
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