Plaça de Catalunya

Plaça de Catalunya station, also known as Barcelona-Plaça Catalunya, Plaça Catalunya or simply Catalunya is a major station complex in Barcelona located under Plaça de Catalunya, the city's central square and a large transport hub. Many Rodalies de Catalunya, Barcelona Metro and Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya lines go through it and many bus routes link it with all of the districts of the city and most of the municipalities in its metropolitan area. It is one of the oldest railway stations in Catalonia and one of the first stations of Barcelona Metro network. It is also one of the busiest stations in Barcelona and the terminal station in the city of all Metro del Vallès lines. It is served by Rodalies de Catalunya suburban lines R1, R3, R4 and regional line R12, TMB-operated Barcelona Metro lines L1 and L3, FGC-operated Barcelona Metro lines L6 and L7, and Metro del Vallès lines S1, S2, S5 and S55.

The Bombing of Barcelona was a series of airstrikes led by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany supporting the Franco-led Nationalist rebel army, which took place from 16 to 18 March 1938, during the Spanish Civil War. Up to 1,300 people were killed and at least 2,000 were wounded. It is considered the first aerial carpet bombing in history.

Line 1, shortened to L1, coloured red and often simply called Línia vermella ("Red Line"), is the second oldest Barcelona Metro line, after line L3. It is the longest line of the Barcelona Metro, and links L'Hospitalet de Llobregat and Santa Coloma de Gramenet. Originally operated by the independent Ferrocarril Metropolitano Transversal de Barcelona, it is today operated by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) and is part of the ATM fare-integrated main transport system. L1 is the only metro line in Spain to use Iberian gauge tracks, as used by most Spanish main line railways.The line was created in 1926 as a means to join the rail stations the city had in the 1920s, and in preparation for the 1929 Universal Exposition. It has been growing since then to become, as of 2007, a large line made up of 30 stations, the network's busiest. These stations are architecturally homogenous, and as in the case of most metro lines in Barcelona, ornamentation is virtually absent from them. Some of them are improving their artificial lighting. Most of the line is underground, except for one short section, and at one point it shares tunnels with mainline tracks.Future plans are for the line to be extended southbound into El Prat de Llobregat and from its north terminus into Badalona, where it will join L2 in Badalona Centre.

Font de Canaletes (Spanish: Fuente de Canaletas) is an ornate fountain, crowned by a lamp post, in Barcelona, Catalonia, in Rambla de Canaletes, the upper part of La Rambla, near Plaça de Catalunya. It is a fixture of football fans after Barça football matches since the 1930s.Tradition has that the one who drinks from the Font de Canaletes will come back to Barcelona, as the inscription on the floor suggests. The fountain is named after the northern wall of the city (dating from the 14th century), called Canaletes because of the water pipes that went through it supplying Barcelona's old city.

The Church of Santa Anna (Catalan: Església de Santa Anna, Spanish: Iglesia de Santa Ana) is a church located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1881.

Carrer de Bergara (sometimes, but not officially, Vergara, using the Spanish spelling of the Basque name) is a short street in central Barcelona, stretching from Plaça Catalunya towards Carrer de Pelai. It's in the Eixample district. It's named after the Basque city of Bergara, where an armistice was signed at the end the First Carlist War in 1839. The name of the street was approved in 1900. The street is home to a number of restaurants, cafes, and hotels.

Avinguda de la Llum (Catalan for Avenue of Light; Spanish: Avenida de la Luz) is a now-closed underground mall in Barcelona, the first one of its kind to open in Europe, open between 1940 and 1990, on a 2000 square-metre site built in 1929 and boasting 68 commercial establishments, including a movie theater. It was underneath Carrer de Pelai, between Plaça de Catalunya, Carrer de Balmes, Carrer de Bergara and Plaça de la Universitat, upstairs of the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC) station Catalunya, between its vaults and the street.Despite initially being part of an ambitious plan to build an underground city from Plaça Urquinaona to Plaça de la Universitat, the urban decay prevalent in the area from the 1960s onwards prompted its progressive abandonment. The Avinguda de la Llum was in a state of decay and had a large homeless population by the time of its closure on May 21, 1990. On the ground upstairs stood an empty triangular area between buildings which came to be called Triangle de la vergonya ("Triangle of shame"), which contributed to the adoption of measures to renovate the area in time for the 1992 Summer Olympics. Nowadays its main corridor is part of the underground stage of a Sephora store in the El Triangle shopping centre (its successor), while some parts of it are still abandoned and remain closed to the public.

Portal de l'Àngel (Catalan pronunciation: [puɾˈtal də ˈlaɲʒəl]) is a pedestrian street in the Ciutat Vella district of Barcelona adjacent to Plaça Catalunya and part of the large shopping area that spans from Avinguda Diagonal to Barri Gòtic. It's one of the city's most visited streets and is always crowded with tourists and locals all year round. Portal de l'Àngel is noteworthy for being the most expensive street in Spain, with an average rental price of €265 per square meter in 2013.There is a large El Corte Inglés department store in this street, just opposite a building that has a giant thermometer in its façade. It's also home to other international shopping brands, including Zara, Massimo Dutti, and Benetton.

Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes ("Great Way of the Catalan Courts"), more simply known as Gran Via [ˈɡɾam ˈbi.ə], is one of Barcelona's major avenues. With a length of 13.1 km (8.1 mi), it is the longest street in Catalonia and the 2nd longest in Spain, after Gran Vía de la Manga, in La Manga del Mar Menor, but is the one with more street numbers in Spain.

Carrer de Pelai (official Catalan name; sometimes called, in Spanish, Calle de Pelayo) is a major shopping street in Barcelona, one of the busiest in the city at daytime. It forms the border between the districts of Ciutat Vella and Eixample in the center of the city, and runs from the intersection of Plaça de Catalunya with La Rambla and the El Triangle shopping centre to Plaça de la Universitat. It is named after King Pelagius of Asturias. The current Catalan-language name was approved in 1980 by the city council, though it also bore that same name before 1900.

Ronda de la Universitat is a major thoroughfare of central Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, in lower side of the Dreta de l'Eixample, in the Eixample district. It links two of the city's three main squares, running from Plaça de Catalunya towards Plaça Universitat. There it meets Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes and Ronda de Sant Antoni begins. It's essentially the same street as Ronda de Sant Pere, which follows it right after Plaça de Catalunya. As the other ronda, it follows the original outline of the medieval city walls, particularly the wall of Tallers, above the area nowadays known as Raval, where a road called Carrer de Tallers runs partially parallel to it. Ronda de la Universitat was paved in 1872. It takes its name from the Universitat de Barcelona, which has had its main building at Plaça Universitat since the 19th century. Before its current name was approved in 1989, its official name was in Spanish: Universidad. The Biblioteca Judicial de Catalunya is on this street.

The Sepulchral way of the Plaça de la Villa de Madrid is a Roman necropolis dating from the 1st to the 3rd century AD, located in the Plaça de la Villa de Madrid and its surroundings in Barcelona. The site lies below the current level of the square, but is visible from the street due to the urban design. It is one of the various heritage sites managed by the Museum of the History of Barcelona. Between the 1st and 3rd centuries, Roman law prohibited burials inside the city, so the necropolises of Barcino were located outside the city walls, along the roads that led out of the city. In this context, the necropolis in the Plaça de la Villa de Madrid is considered to be a secondary cemetery, far from the walls, used for the burial of the middle and lower classes, including slaves and freedmen. However, it is the best preserved and most studied necropolis of this period in Barcelona, as only scattered remains have been found in other necropolises, mostly in the form of reused funerary monuments that were incorporated into the Roman expansion of the city in the 4th century. The main feature of the necropolis is a five-metre wide road, the remains of which were discovered between the streets of Portaferrissa and Santa Ana. This road left the city through the south-west gate (in the direction of what is now Boqueria street) and led to the Corts or Sarrià areas. The tombs, arranged in rows but not in any regular order, are flanked on the outside by a wall. A total of 85 burials of different types have been identified: six monolithic Cupae, six altars, one stele, two inscribed slabs, 33 burial mounds (two conical and the rest square or masonry cupae), 17 burials protected by tiles or amphorae and 20 burials without any protection. At present, three additional monolithic cupae can be seen in the burial path, brought from the excavations of the Roman wall in the 1950s to replace damaged original masonry cupae in their original positions. After the necropolis ceased to be used, it was gradually buried by the alluvial deposits of the Collserola streams, which prevented the stones from being reused as building materials. The site was rediscovered in 1956 during the groundwork for the building that now occupies the south-east side of the square, and a first excavation campaign was carried out, followed by another in 1959. Further excavations took place between 2000 and 2003, coinciding with the renovation of the square, and the site was officially opened to the public as a museum in 2008. The nature of this site lies in the fact that the tombs have been found in their original context, since the vast majority of Roman burials known to us have only reused stone elements from other buildings or isolated tombs. For example, many monolithic cupae have been found in Barcelona (28 in total), but only the six from this burial route have been found in their original location.