Fili (Moscow)

Filyovsky Park District (Russian: райо́н Филёвский парк) is a district of Western Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. The district is 6.5 km west of the center of the city, and its northern and eastern borders are the Moskva River. Located in the area are the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, Church of the Intercession at Fili, Gorbunov Palace of Culture and Filevsky Park. The area of the district is 9.624 square kilometres (3.716 sq mi). Population: 89,513 (2010 Census);, 66,775 (2002 Census).

The Gorbunov Palace of Culture (Russian: Дворец культуры имени Горбунова) is a palace of culture and a popular concert hall in the west of Moscow, best known for rock concerts and live records by various bands. Initially, the house of culture was called the Palace of the Kievsky district of Moscow and was created as part of the infrastructure of the aircraft factory. The building was constructed in the style of constructivism in 1929–1938. The palace is named after aircraft design engineer Sergey Gorbunov. Among the bands that have played concerts at Gorbunov Palace are Jethro Tull, Einstürzende Neubauten, Coil, Diamanda Galas, Nightwish, Therion, Laibach, Lacrimosa, DDT, Boris Grebenshchikov, Krematorij and others, "Nashestvie" (1999) and "Uchites plavat" (1995—1997) festivals.

Bagrationovskaya (Russian: Багратионовская) is a Moscow Metro station, located on the surface portion of the Filyovskaya Line. Designed by Rimidalv Pogrebnoy and Cheremin and opened in 1961 as part of the western extension of the Filyovsky radius, the station unlike the other three coming from the centre, features a more functional design innovation.

Gorbúshka (Russian: ТЦ "Горбушка", shopping center Gorbushka) is a marketplace for dealing in music, electronics and household equipment in Moscow, Russia. The word itself is an associative usage of an untranslatable Russian word for the first slice from a loaf of bread which contains mostly the crust. If the loaf is round, the shape resembles a hump (Russian: горб). The word has many cultural associations in Russia. Before the year 2001 the name "Gorbushka" referred to an open-air black market for software, music, videos and electronics. The market was in the city square by the Gorbunov Palace of Culture ( ДК имени Горбунова), hence the name. The market dealt mostly in unlicensed music and software CDs, videos, gaming consoles with mod chips, as well as video games. Due to the copyright infringement issues Gorbushka was in sights of the government for a long time. The market closed in 2001. In its place a more legal shopping center Gorbushkin dvor was opened. Alexey Khotin is reported to own the company now.

The Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center (Государственный космический научно-производственный центр (ГКНПЦ) имени М. В. Хру́ничева in Russian) is a Moscow-based manufacturer of spacecraft and space-launch systems, including the Proton and Rokot rockets, and the Russian modules of Mir and the International Space Station. The company's history dates back to 1916, when an automobile factory was established at Fili, western suburb of Moscow. It soon switched production to airplanes and during World War II produced Ilyushin Il-4 and Tupolev Tu-2 bombers. A design bureau, OKB-23, was added to the company in 1951. In 1959, the company started developing intercontinental ballistic missiles, and later spacecraft and space launch vehicles. The company designed and produced all Soviet space stations, including Mir. OKB-23, renamed to Salyut Design Bureau, became an independent company in 1988. In 1993, the Khrunichev Plant and the Salyut Design Bureau were joined again to form Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. In the 1990s, the company entered the International Launch Services joint-venture to market launches on its Proton rocket. Khrunichev subsequently became a successful launch service provider on the international space launch market. The company had around 2010 an over 30% market share of the global space launch market, and its revenue from commercial space launches in 2009 was $584 million. It is named after Mikhail Khrunichev, a Soviet minister. Current number of employees is about 43,500.

The Church of the Intercession at Fili (Russian: Це́рковь Покрова́ в Филя́х) is a Naryshkin baroque church commissioned by the boyar Lev Naryshkin in his suburban estate Fili; the territory has belonged to City of Moscow since 1935. It is located at 6, Novozavodskaya Street (near Bolshaya Filyovskaya Street). The existing church replaced a 1619 wooden church established by Mikhail Romanov, consecrated in the name of the Intercession of the Virgin to commemorate the victory over Polish troops on that day in 1618. In 1689, Fili village was acquired by Lev Naryshkin, brother of Natalia Naryshkina and uncle of Peter I. Naryshkin's two brothers were murdered during the Moscow Uprising of 1682; it is believed that Natalia saved Lev from the same fate and that Lev Naryshkin vowed to dedicate the church to his late brothers. The church was constructed between 1689 and 1694 in the shape of a Greek cross, with short, rounded annexes. It actually contains two churches: a winter Intercession Church in the basement and a summer, unheated Church of the Saviour Not Made by Hands above it. All construction records were lost in a 1712 fire, thus the exact year of completion is unknown, as well as the names of the architect and contractors (with an exception of icon painters Karp Zolotaryov and Kirill Ulanov). Both Natalia and Peter were frequent guests in Fili and donated money to the church; in the 18th century, it was equipped with a clock taken from Narva. The church was damaged by French troops in 1812 and even more by the Bolsheviks and World War II. By 1945, it lost all domes, crosses and the upper octagonal layer; the interior had been looted earlier, in 1922. It was restored in 1955-1971 (exterior) and 1971-1980 (interiors) and painted pale red, although the original color scheme remains disputed. The earliest layer of paint uncovered by restoration is pale blue; later layers are either yellow or red.

The National Space Centre in Moscow (Russian: Национальный космический центр) is a large office and manufacturing complex currently under construction adjacent to the Khrunichev factory.The Russian National Space Centre is a joint initiative between the Heads of Roscosmos, and the Mayor of Moscow, to unite the various entities of the Space industry under one roof. It is scheduled to be completed in 2024, and will include Roscosmos offices, The Russian Mission Control, and the offices of additional 18 space companies.

Fili (Russian: Фили) is a surface-level station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. The station was opened on 7 November 1959, as the last surface side platform station on the line. The dual platforms are protected by canopies and are intersected at either end by road overpasses that provide additional shelter for waiting passengers. Two glazed upper-level entrance vestibule at both end of the station allow passengers to change platforms. Robert Pogrebnoi and Yuriy Zenkevich were the main architects for the station's design. Daily passenger volume is approximately 30,100.

Kutuzovsky Prospekt (Russian: Куту́зовский проспе́кт) is a major radial avenue in Moscow, Russia, named after Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, leader of the Russian field army during the French invasion of Russia. The prospekt continues a westward path of Vozdvizhenka Street and New Arbat Street from Novoarbatsky Bridge over the Moskva River to the junction with Rublyovskoye Shosse; past this point, the route changes its name to Mozhaiskoye Shosse.

Poklonnaya Gora (Russian: Покло́нная гора́, literally "Bow-Down Hill"; metaphorically "Worshipful Submission Hill"') is, at 171.5 m, one of the highest natural spots in Moscow. Its two summits were separated by the Setun River until one of the summits was razed in 1987. Since 1936, the area has been part of Moscow, and it now contains the Victory Park, with many tanks and other vehicles that were used during World War II on display. Historically, the hill had great strategic importance, as it commanded the best view of the capital of Russia. Its name is derived from the Russian for "to bow down" since everyone approaching the capital from the west was expected to do homage here. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, it was the spot in which Napoleon in vain expected the keys to the Kremlin to be brought to him by Russians.

Filyovsky Park (Russian: Филёвский парк) is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. It opened in 1961 as part of the western extension of the Filyovsky radius.

The Museum of the Great Patriotic War, also known as the Victory Museum (Russian: Музей Победы), is a history museum located in Moscow at Poklonnaya Gora. The building was designed by architect Anatoly Polyansky. Work on the museum began on March 3, 1986, and the museum was opened to the public on May 9, 1995. The museum features exhibits and memorials concerning the Eastern Front of World War II, known in Russia as the "Great Patriotic War".