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Quinta da Boa Vista

Gardens in BrazilParks in Rio de Janeiro (city)
Museu Nacional da UFRJ Quinta da Boa Vista no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 13
Museu Nacional da UFRJ Quinta da Boa Vista no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 13

The Quinta da Boa Vista (English: "Estate of the Good View") is a public park of great historical importance located in the São Cristóvão neighbourhood, in the North zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The park was part of the gardens of the São Cristóvão Palace, the residence of the King of Portugal and then the Emperors of Brazil in the 19th century and the home of the Zoological Garden of Rio de Janeiro, with over 2000 species of animals. The building of the old palace hosted the National Museum, with collections on natural history, ethnology and archaeology.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Quinta da Boa Vista (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Quinta da Boa Vista
Avenida Pedro II, Rio de Janeiro São Cristóvão

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N -22.905833333333 ° E -43.224444444444 °
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Quinta da Boa Vista

Avenida Pedro II
20940-200 Rio de Janeiro, São Cristóvão
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Museu Nacional da UFRJ Quinta da Boa Vista no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 13
Museu Nacional da UFRJ Quinta da Boa Vista no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 13
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National Museum of Brazil
National Museum of Brazil

The National Museum of Brazil (Portuguese: Museu Nacional) is the oldest scientific institution of Brazil. It is located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where it is installed in the Paço de São Cristóvão (Saint Christopher's Palace), which is inside the Quinta da Boa Vista. The main building was originally the residence of the House of Braganza in colonial Brazil, as the Portuguese royal family between 1808 and 1821 and then as the Brazilian imperial family between 1822 and 1889. After the monarchy was deposed, it hosted the Republican Constituent Assembly from 1889 to 1891 before being assigned to the use of the museum in 1892. The building was listed as Brazilian National Heritage in 1938 and was largely destroyed by a fire in 2018. Founded by King João VI of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves on 6 June 1818, under the name of "Royal Museum", the institution was initially housed at the Campo de Santana park, where it exhibited the collections incorporated from the former House of Natural History, popularly known as Casa dos Pássaros ("House of the Birds"), created in 1784 by the Viceroy of Brazil, Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 4th Count of Figueiró, as well as collections of mineralogy and zoology. The museum foundation was intended to address the interests of promoting the socioeconomic development of the country by the diffusion of education, culture, and science. In the 19th century, the institution was already established as the most important South American museum of its type. In 1946, it was incorporated into the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.The National Museum held a vast collection with more than 20 million objects, one of the largest collections of natural history and anthropological artifacts in the world, encompassing some of the most important material records regarding natural science and anthropology in Brazil, as well as numerous items that came from other regions of the world and were produced by several cultures and ancient civilizations. Built-up over more than two centuries through expeditions, excavations, acquisitions, donations and exchanges, the collection was subdivided into seven main nuclei: geology, paleontology, botany, zoology, biological anthropology, archaeology, and ethnology. The collection was the principal basis for the research conducted by the academic departments of the museum – which are responsible for carrying out activities in all the regions of the Brazilian territory and several places of the world, including the Antarctic continent. The museum holds one of the largest scientific libraries of Brazil, with over 470,000 volumes and 2,400 rare works.In the area of education, the museum offers specializations, extension and post-graduation courses in several fields of the knowledge, in addition to hosting temporary and permanent exhibitions and educational activities open to the general public. The museum manages the Horto Botânico (Botanical Garden), adjacent to the Paço de São Cristóvão, as well as an advanced campus in the city of Santa Teresa, in Espírito Santo – the Santa Lúcia Biological Station, jointly managed with the Museum of Biology Prof. Mello Leitão. A third site, located in the city of Saquarema, is used as a support and logistics center for field activities. Finally, the museum is also dedicated to editorial production, outstanding in that field the Archivos do Museu Nacional, the oldest scientific journal of Brazil, continuously published since 1876.The palace, which housed a large part of the collection, was destroyed in a fire on the night of 2 September 2018. The building had been called a "firetrap" by critics, who argued the fire was predictable and could have been prevented. The fire began in the air-conditioning system of the auditorium on the ground floor. One of the three devices did not have external grounding, there was no individual circuit breaker for each of them, and a wire was without insulation in contact with metal. In the wake of the fire, the ruined edifice was being treated as an archaeological site and undergoing reconstruction efforts, with a metallic roof covering a 5,000 m² area including debris.In 2019, more than 30,000 pieces of the imperial family's past were found during archaeological works on Rio de Janeiro Zoological Garden nearby, part of Quinta da Boa Vista. Among the finds are many items such as fragments of crockery, cups, plates, cutlery, horseshoes and even buttons and brooches with imperial coat of arms from military clothing. Those items were given to the museum. After being destroyed by fire, the National Museum has received donations to the amount of R$ 1.1 million in seven months towards rebuilding efforts.

Colégio Pedro II
Colégio Pedro II

Colégio Pedro II is a traditional federal public school, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the third oldest active college in the country, after Ginásio Pernambucano and Atheneu Norte-Riograndense. The school was created in honor of its past patron, the emperor of Brazil, Dom Pedro II. Founded during the regency of the Marquis of Olinda, Pedro de Araújo Lima, it was part of a larger civilization project of the Brazilian Empire, which included the foundation of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute and the Public Archive of the Empire, its contemporaries. Others, however, point to limitations of this view, suggesting other motivations for the creation of the college, mainly by pointing out that the transformation of the Seminary of São Joaquim into the College of Pedro II was based on the idea of the Reform of the Constitution in 1834, of building a model to be followed, since the provinces were not able to establish their local education system by themselves. Another group of authors, such as Circe Bittencourt, have established views that dialogue both perspectives. The format of the Colégio explains a lot of the Imperial civilizing plan: an education that prioritized a good education, but that covered a small part of society, which was sufficient to the Empire's project, insofar as it filled the basic cadres of the bureaucratic and ideological system to the country's leaders, with a curriculum that served these interests, not being so concerned with the formation of a broad mass of minimally trained workers, as would occur at later times in Brazil and already occurred in some places in Europe. It has 12 campuses in Rio de Janeiro, in the neighborhoods of Centro, São Cristóvão (3 units), Humaitá (2 units), Tijuca (2 units), Engenho Novo (2 units) and Realengo (2 units). It also has a campus in Niterói and another in Duque de Caxias.

Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro
Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro

Maracanã (Brazilian Portuguese: [maɾakɐˈnɐ̃], which in Tupi–Guarani means green bird) is a middle-class neighborhood in the Northern Zone of Rio de Janeiro city. The Maracanã Stadium is located in this neighborhood, as well as the Ginásio do Maracanãzinho. Maracanã is bordered by these neighborhoods: Praça da Bandeira, Tijuca and Vila Isabel. The population of the neighborhood is estimated at 25,256 according to the 2010 census.The neighborhood has a long sporting tradition. Besides Maracanã stadium, there is also a derby club that was built in 1885 by André Gustavo Paulo de Frontin. Also, there is a bikeway, Espaço Mané Garrincha, named after the footballer Garrincha. It is 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) long, and surrounds the Maracanã stadium. The UERJ, which is one of the main universities in Rio de Janeiro, is also located in Maracanã. Other education institutions are the CEFET and the Escola Politécnica, both technical colleges which prepare high school students for the labour market. Two schools, Pedro II and Colégio Militar, are located at São Francisco Xavier street. The neighborhood is crossed by its main avenue, called Maracanã Avenue, which connects Maracanã to Tijuca. Another important avenue is Presidente Castelo Branco Avenue. São Francisco Xavier street is the main street and crosses Maracanã Avenue. Maracanã also contains Maracanã Village, an old museum building that housed indigenous people. These people were evicted by the government in 2013.The neighborhood was one of the four "Olympic Zones" during the 2016 Summer Olympics with Maracanã Stadium as the host.

Maracanã Stadium
Maracanã Stadium

Maracanã Stadium (Portuguese: Estádio do Maracanã, Brazilian Portuguese: [esˈtadʒi.u du maɾakɐˈnɐ̃]), officially named Estádio Jornalista Mário Filho (Brazilian Portuguese: [isˈtadʒ(i)u ʒoʁnaˈlistɐ ˈmaɾi.u ˈfiʎu]), is an association football stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The stadium is part of a complex that includes an arena known by the name of Maracanãzinho, which means "The Little Maracanã" in Portuguese. Owned by the Rio de Janeiro state government, the stadium is now managed by the clubs Flamengo and Fluminense. It is located at the Maracanã neighborhood, named after the Rio Maracanã, a now canalized river in Rio de Janeiro. The stadium was opened in 1950 to host the FIFA World Cup, in which Brazil was beaten 2–1 by Uruguay in the deciding game, in front of a still standing record attendance of 173,850 spectators, on 16 July 1950. The venue has seen attendances of 150,000 or more at 26 occasions, the last being on 29 May 1983, as 155,253 spectators watched Flamengo beat Santos, 3–0. The stadium has seen crowds of more than 100,000 284 times. But as terraced sections have been replaced with seats over time, and after the renovation for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, its original capacity has been reduced to the current 78,838, but it remains the largest stadium in Brazil and the third largest in South America after Estadio Monumental in Peru.The stadium is mainly used for football matches between the major football clubs in Rio de Janeiro, including Flamengo, Fluminense, Botafogo, and Vasco da Gama. It has also hosted a number of concerts and other sporting events. It was the main venue of the 2007 Pan American Games, hosting the football tournament and the opening and closing ceremonies. The Maracanã was partially rebuilt in preparation for the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the 2014 World Cup, for which it hosted several matches, including the final. It also served as the venue for the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, with the main track and field events taking place at the Estádio Olímpico. The stadium was also chosen to host the 2020 and 2023 Copa Libertadores finals.