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Glasgow St Enoch rail accident

1900s in Glasgow1903 disasters in the United Kingdom1903 in ScotlandAccidents and incidents involving Glasgow and South Western RailwayDisasters in Glasgow
July 1903 eventsRail accidents caused by a driver's errorRailway accidents in 1903Train collisions in ScotlandTransport in GlasgowUse British English from February 2014

The Glasgow St Enoch rail accident occurred on 27 July 1903. A train arriving at the St Enoch terminal station failed to stop in time and collided heavily with the buffer stop, sustaining severe damage. Sixteen people were killed, 13 instantaneously and 3 at a later time due to injuries received. 64 people were injured, of which 17 required hospital treatment. This was the worst buffer stop collision on British main line railways, though exceeded by the Moorgate tragedy on the London Underground. Collisions with buffer stops have frequently occurred over the years, the most recent fatal one in the UK being the London Cannon Street station rail crash in 1991. However, normally they occur at very low speed, less than 5 mph (8.0 km/h). The severity of the St Enoch accident was because the collision speed was as high as 15–20 mph (24–32 km/h). An inexperienced driver on a special train from Ardrossan was signalled into a platform that he did not realise was much shorter than the others, because it terminated short of the overall roof and well short of the main concourse. The station has been recently rebuilt and the newly added platform was on a sharp curve. The driver approached at too high a speed and braked too late. The solid masonry platform behind the buffer stops presented an immovable barrier and two coaches were completely telescoped.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Glasgow St Enoch rail accident (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Glasgow St Enoch rail accident
Argyle Street, Glasgow Merchant City

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N 55.85686 ° E -4.25218 °
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St Enoch Shopping Centre

Argyle Street
G2 8BJ Glasgow, Merchant City
Scotland, United Kingdom
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St. Enoch Centre
St. Enoch Centre

The St. Enoch Centre is a shopping mall located in the city centre of Glasgow, Scotland. The centre is located adjacent to St Enoch Square. The Architects were the GMW Architects. The construction, undertaken by Sir Robert McAlpine, began in 1986, and the building was opened to the public on 25 May 1989. It was officially opened by the then-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, in February of the following year.Located on the site of the former St Enoch Station, the building is just off Glasgow's famous shopping thoroughfare, Argyle Street and overlooks the historic St. Enoch Square and the original subway station building. The present St Enoch subway station is accessible by escalators. Whilst the target of many architectural critics, the building is notable for its massive glass roof, which makes it the largest glass-covered enclosed area in Europe. Not only does this substantially reduce heating and lighting loads – the mall area is lit entirely by natural daylight in summer, whilst the solar heat generated by the roof means that mechanical heating is only required for a week on average per year – it also earned the building its affectionate nickname "The Glasgow Greenhouse". The roof's steel framework was fabricated by the shipbuilders Scott Lithgow.The glass roofed element surrounds a seven-storey car park, and when originally opened, an ice rink. This was closed in 1999 when a refurbishment programme (initiated to compete with the newer Buchanan Galleries complex), saw it being replaced by more shops and an enlarged restaurant area.

Clyde Model Dockyard
Clyde Model Dockyard

The Clyde Model Dockyard was a famous toy and model shop in Glasgow (not to be confused with the original Model Dockyard or Stevens Model Dockyard — different companies dealing in similar products). Established in 1789, it was located at 22–23 Argyll Arcade. The firm manufactured a range of boats and sailing yachts, but were probably best known for their 0 scale model railway stock and accessories. Antoni Galletti had the premises at Argyle Street in 1829. Antoni Galletti began his career as a carver and gilder, and also produced scientific and mathematical instrument sets from his premises in Nelson Street, Glasgow. He and his sons became better known for optical instruments and spectacles. One of Antoni's sons, John Galletti, took over the shop from his father. John Galletti was succeeded by Andrew McKnight.They initially made only nautical models for the Admiralty, but by the late 19th century had expanded their business to commercial toy steam engines and railway locomotives. These were largely bought from English and French manufacturers, although the company rarely admitted to the fact. By the first years of the twentieth century the company could be ranked alongside Gamages of London in its retailing of mechanical metal toys, particularly shipping and rail related, and it issued a substantial range of seasonal catalogues. While most products offered in these were standard items by the great German makers such as Carette, Schoenner and Märklin, Clyde did commission bespoke products from the famous Nürnberg maker Gebrüder Bing, alongside others by a number of lesser-known Birmingham makers, such as Carson, mainly in gauge III (2.5 inches). There is no evidence of the company building any of its own railway products, but they did super-detail items in a workshop based in a converted drawing-room flat in Argyll Street. On the other hand, this workshop did manufacture wooden-hulled model boats to various levels. After the Great War, the company became a major agent for Hornby 0 gauge trains and also took an interest in a range of toy locomotives made by Bar Knight of Glasgow. It continued to retail German products and even some American-made items. Although it is the inter-war period that is remembered with most fond nostalgia, it was really a shadow of the quality the company aspired to pre 1914. However, Clyde continued to be an important focal point of Scottish model-making and it was active in encouraging amateur scratch-builders in the 1930s, offering substantial trophies for competition, alongside its retailing activities — it had always held large stocks of fittings and fixtures for model makers and this was an important part of its business. Clyde continued to be active after the Second World War in 00 gauge trains, sailing yachts, diecast cars, steam toys and model aircraft materials, for which the shop was one of three in central Glasgow from which balsa wood and related materials were available up to the 1970s; the Clyde Model Dockyard Trophy was competed for annually amongst aeromodellers. Like Gamages, the shop became a victim of changing tastes and retail patterns in the 1960s, finally closing down in the early 1970s. In honour of the nostalgic place it has in the minds of many Scots, a full-scale re-creation of its frontage was built as part of the "1930s Glasgow Street" in the Glasgow Museum of Transport when it was rebuilt at Kelvin Hall. It was again re-re-created in the new Riverside Museum on Clydeside.

The Metropole Theatre

The Metropole Theatre started as the Scotia and was built in 1862 at 116, Stockwell Street, Glasgow, Scotland. Built to the designs of architect Robert Black for James Baylis, who later built the Theatre Royal in the Cowcaddens area of the city, it opened as the Scotia Hall, holding over 3000 people, with stalls and two galleries, reputed to be the first purpose built commercial music-hall in Scotland. Due to fire in 1875 it was rebuilt to the designs of architects Campbell Douglas and James Sellars and renamed The Scotia Variety Theatre, claiming to be the largest and best variety company in Scotland.The Baylis family headed by Christina Baylis continued to run it until 1892, selling it on her retiral to Moss Empires who ran it until 1897 when they opened their new Empire Palace in Sauchiehall Street. At this point Edward Moss leased the theatre to HH Morrell and F Mouillot who named it The Metropole and presented plays, usually melodramas. Successive lessees included Arthur Jefferson who reintroduced variety. In 1926 it was sold to Bernard Frutin whose family continued to present variety, summer shows and winter shows for four decades, until fire destroyed the building on 28 October 1961.Thereafter the Frutins bought the former Empress Theatre in St George's Cross in the West End of the city which in 1960 had been renamed The Falcon Theatre run by the Falcon Trust who staged plays and hoped to extend the building. The funding was not available for an extension and proposed performing Arts Centre and instead it was purchased by Alec Frutin in 1962 as a replacement for his former theatre in Stockwell Street. The St George's Cross building now opened as the New Metropole.In 1964 Jimmy Logan, by agreement with Alec Frutin, bought the theatre, renaming it Jimmy Logan's Metropole. It prospered with variety, comedy plays, winter shows, and a Royal Variety Gala jointly with Scottish Television but found itself in an area which Glasgow Corporation was depopulating to peripheral housing schemes. The musical Hair opened in 1970 and ran for 10 months, its first outing outside London. Despite this success the theatre now drained money and closed in 1972. It lay derelict for many years before finally being demolished for a new housing development in 1990.

Princes Square
Princes Square

Princes Square is a shopping centre on Buchanan Street in central Glasgow, Scotland. It was first designed and built in the 1840s by John Baird and other architects. It was developed in 1988 to a design by Edinburgh architects, the Hugh Martin Partnership. The new five-storey, 10,450-square-metre (112,500 sq ft) retail centre occupies a pre-existing cobbled Princes square dating from 1841, which was reconfigured by enclosing the entire space below a new clear glass domed and vaulted roof. An expansion was completed in summer 1999, extending the centre into Springfield Court and providing a further 1,860 square metres (20,000 sq ft) of retail area and a new retail frontage to Queen Street. The original cellars of the existing buildings were excavated to provide additional space. Inside the square, new galleries and stairs give access to the upper storeys. The original sandstone facades were preserved around the modern interior. The centre is adorned with decorative glass, tiling, lighting, timber and metalwork, designed by artists and craftsmen. The writer Bill Bryson referred to Princes Square as "one of the most intelligent pieces of urban renewal".The Hugh Martin Partnership earned several design awards for Princes Square, including the RIBA Scottish Regional Award for Architecture (1988), the Edinburgh Architectural Association Centenary Medal (1989), and a Civic Trust Award (1989). In 2016, it was voted Scotland's best building of the last 100 years. The original fabric has been protected as a category B listed building since 1970.