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C-12 highway (Spain)

Autopistas and autovías in SpainInfobox road instances in SpainInfobox road maps tracking categoryRoads in Catalonia
C 12rasquera59
C 12rasquera59

The C-12 is a highway in Catalonia, Spain, that connects Lleida with Tortosa and the Ebre river delta. For much of its length it runs along the lower Ebre valley. North of Lleida the road follows the Noguera valley before joining the C-13. Autovia C-12 cuts across the westernmost end of the Cardó Massif, above the final Ebro Gorges. This highway is also known as the Eix de l'Ebre (Ebro Axis).

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article C-12 highway (Spain) (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

C-12 highway (Spain)
C-12,

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 40.860555555556 ° E 0.50805555555556 °
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Address

C-12
43591
Catalonia, Spain
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C 12rasquera59
C 12rasquera59
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Siege of Tortosa (1148)
Siege of Tortosa (1148)

The siege of Tortosa (1 July – 30 December 1148) was a military action of the Second Crusade (1147–49) in Spain. A multinational force under the command of Count Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona besieged the city of Tortosa (Arabic Ṭurṭūsha), then a part of the Almoravid Emirate, for six months before the garrison surrendered. The campaign originated in an agreement between Barcelona and the Italian city-state of Genoa in 1146, following a Genoese raid on Almoravid territory. At the same time, the Genoese also agreed to aid the Castilians in an expedition against Almoravid Almería. Papal approval, which connected the two Spanish endeavours to the call for a second crusade to the Holy Land, was obtained the next year. Participants in the siege of Tortosa were called "pilgrims" (peregrini), the same term used for those en route to the Holy Land. The siege itself was a hard-fought battle. Siege engines were employed on both sides. Even after the outer walls were breached, the defenders fought in the streets to prevent the crusaders from advancing on the citadel. Eventually the citadel itself came under direct attack and the defenders asked for and received a truce of forty days before surrendering. There was no massacre and no looting, unlike during the conquest of Almería the previous year. The population, a mix of Muslims and Jews, was allowed to stay, while the city itself was quickly settled by Christians. The conquest of Tortosa was a major event in the Reconquista of the Ebro Valley. Raymond Berengar IV followed it up with the conquest of Lleida on his own, without Genoese assistance or papal approval, in 1149.