Rosh HaAyin Forest

Qesem cave is a Lower Paleolithic archaeological site near the city of Kafr Qasim in Israel. Early humans were occupying the site by 400,000 until c. 200,000 years ago. The karst cave attracted considerable attention in December 2010 when reports suggested Israeli and Spanish archaeologists had found the earliest evidence yet of modern humans. Science bloggers pointed out that the media coverage had inaccurately reflected the scientific report.Selective large-game hunting was regularly done followed by butchery of desired carcass parts for transport back to a residence for food sharing and cooking.

Highway 5 or the Trans-Samaria Highway (Hebrew: כביש חוצה שומרון, Kvish Hotze Shomron), is one of Israel's main highways, connecting the Mediterranean coast immediately north of Tel Aviv with the central Sharon plain and eastwards to Ariel and other Israeli settlements in the northern West Bank. The name Highway 5 is commonly used to describe the section of the highway running from the road's western end at the Glilot Interchange until it reaches the main entrance of Ariel. In this capacity it intersects and creates a connection between four important arterial freeways in the northern Tel Aviv area: The Coastal Highway (Highway 2), the Ayalon Highway (Highway 20), Geha Highway (Highway 4) and the Cross-Israel Highway (Highway 6).An alternate name for the entire highway is Kvish Hotze Shomron meaning the Cross-Samaria highway though often this name is used when referring specifically to the section of the road in the West Bank, i.e., past the Green Line, where it continues east towards the Jordan Valley in the West Bank. This section from the Green Line to its eastern end has also been dedicated as "Derekh Haim" (Haim's Road, but also "Way of Life") after the late Haim Landau, a former Israeli Minister of Transportation. Highway 5 initially reached Rosh HaAyin located inside of the green line, and served mainly the densely populated Gush Dan metropolitan area. In the West Bank, the main road was still the old Road 505, which since the events of the Second Intifada in 2000 has been partially closed to Jewish transportation. In the beginning of the 1990s, with the growth of Ariel and the settlements around it, arose the need for a more modern and wider road, than the single-lane low-quality Road 505. Therefore, Highway 5 was extended some 20 km to the east of the Green Line, ending almost within sight of Ariel and serving the largest block of the Israeli settlements in the northern West Bank counting about 50,000 people, as well as the Barkan Industrial Park. At the time, this section of Highway 5 was one of the biggest infrastructure projects that Israel had undertaken in the West Bank. As of 2017 the road terminates at a roundabout at the Ariel junction where it merges into Road 505 which continues east past Ariel until Petza'el, which is located on Route 90, the north–south road parallel to the Israel-Jordan border in the Jordan Valley. The western section of the highway consists of between 3 and 5 lanes in each direction, which reduces in number as the highway heads eastward. The westward section surrounding Gush Dan is as of 2017 one of the most congested in Israel.Highway 531, is a freeway which parallels Highway 5 and runs approximately 5–6 km to the north, was opened in 2017, and also contains a rail system. A toll fast lane project is planned along Highway 5.

Kafr Qasim (Arabic: كفر قاسم, Hebrew: כַּפְר קָאסִם), also spelled as Kafr Qassem, Kufur Kassem, Kfar Kassem and Kafar Kassem, is a hill-top city in Israel with an Arab population. It is located about 20 km (12 mi) east of Tel Aviv, on the Israeli side of the Green Line separating Israel and the West Bank, in the southern portion of the "Little Triangle" of Arab-Israeli towns and villages. In 2021 its population was 24,757. The town was the site of the Kafr Qasim massacre, in which the Israel Border Police killed 49 civilians on October 29, 1956. On February 12, 2008, Israeli Minister of the Interior Meir Sheetrit declared Kafr Qasim a city in a ceremony held at the town.

The Kafr Qasim massacre took place in the Israeli Arab village of Kafr Qasim situated on the Green Line, at that time, the de facto border between Israel and the Jordanian West Bank on October 29, 1956. It was carried out by the Israel Border Police (Magav), who killed Arab civilians returning from work during a curfew of which they were unaware, imposed earlier in the day on the eve of the Sinai War. In total 48 people died, of which 19 were men, 6 were women and 23 were children aged 8–17. Arab sources usually give the death toll as 49, as they include the unborn child of one of the women.The border policemen who were involved in the shooting were brought to trial and found guilty and sentenced to prison terms ranging from 7 to 17 years. The brigade commander was sentenced to pay the symbolic fine of 10 prutot (old Israeli cents). The Israeli court found that the command to kill civilians was "blatantly illegal". However, all of the sentences were later reduced, with some of those convicted receiving presidential pardons. All of those convicted were released no later than November 1959.One of those convicted, Gabriel Dahan, was later placed in charge of "Arab Affairs" by the city of Ramla.Issachar (Yissachar) "Yiska" Shadmi—the highest-ranking official prosecuted for the massacre—stated, shortly before his death, that he believed that his trial was staged to protect members of the Israeli political and military elite, including Prime Minister David Ben Gurion, from taking responsibility for the massacre. The purpose was to portray the perpetrators as a group of rogue soldiers, rather than people acting under higher orders.In December 2007, President of Israel Shimon Peres formally apologised for the massacre. In October 2021, a Joint List bill to have the massacre officially recognized was turned down in the Knesset.

Rosh HaAyin (Hebrew: רֹאשׁ הָעַיִן, lit. '"fountainhead"', Hebrew pronunciation: [ˌʁoʃ (h)aˈ(ʔ)ajin], Arabic: روش هاعين) is a city in the Central District of Israel. In 2021, it had a population of 71,651.

Majdal Yaba (Arabic: مجدل يابا) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict, located 18.5 kilometres (11.5 mi) northeast of Ramla and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of Jaffa. A walled Jewish settlement name Migdal Aphek (Hebrew: מגדל אפק, lit. 'Tower of Aphek'; Ancient Greek: Αφεχού πύργος) stood at the same site as early as the second century BCE, and it was later destroyed by the Romans during the First Jewish–Roman War in 67 CE. In the Crusader period, a fort named Mirabel was built at the site. During the Islamic period it became known as Majdal Yaba. For a short time under Ottoman rule, its name was changed from Majdal Yaba to Majdal Sadiq and then back again. Incorporated into Mandatory Palestine in 1922, Majdal Yaba was captured by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab–Israeli war on July 12, 1948. The town was depopulated as a result of the military assault. The number of refugees from Majdal Yaba was estimated at 1,763. The Israeli locality of Rosh HaAyin was established on the village lands in 1950, followed by the kibbutz Givat HaShlosha in 1953.

Migdal Afek (Hebrew: מגדל אפק), also Migdal Tsedek (Hebrew: מגדל צדק), is a national park on the southeastern edge of Rosh HaAyin, Israel. It is the site of the depopulated Palestinian village of Majdal Yaba.

Kfar Qassem Municipal Stadium (כַּפְר קָסִם, כפר קאסם‎), is a football stadium currently being built in Kfar Qasim for F.C. Kafr Qasim, the football team of the town. Once completed in 2020, the new stadium will include 8,000 seats, along with all the Facilities that required by the regulations. Kfar Qassem Municipal Football Stadium - Hashalom Stadium - is located in the northern Part of Kfar Qassem, and designed by the architect Moti Bodek. The first phase will include the western tribune, the grass surface, the lighting system, and the Parking lot. The second phase will include the completion of the facilities structure and the roof on the west side, and The third phase will include the construction of the eastern tribune including the roof. In order to complete the entire stadium will need a budget of 50 million NIS.

Kafr Bara or Kfar Bara (Arabic: كفر برا; Hebrew: כַּפְר בַּרָא) is an Israeli-Arab local council in Israel's Central District. The small town, located near the Green Line, is often considered a part of the Little Triangle along with Kafr Qasim and Jaljulia. In 2021 its population was 3,856.

Oranit (Hebrew: אֳרָנִית) is an Israeli settlement and local council located in the Seam Zone of the West Bank, abutting and crossing the Green Line. It is surrounded by Horshim forest to the west, Rosh HaAyin and Kfar Qasim to the southwest, Sha'arei Tikva to the east, and Khirbet Abu Salman to the northeast. In 2021 it had a population of 9,114. The international community considers Israeli settlements illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this.

Horshim (Hebrew: חוֹרְשִׁים, lit. Ploughmen) is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the south of the Sharon plain and covering 3,000 dunams, it falls under the jurisdiction of Drom HaSharon Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 351.

Einat (Hebrew: עֵינַת) is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located near Petah Tikva and south of Rosh HaAyin, it falls under the jurisdiction of Drom HaSharon Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 842.