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Richelsdorf Hills

Central UplandsHersfeld-RotenburgHesse geography stubsMountains and hills of HesseMountains and hills of Thuringia
WartburgkreisWerra-Meißner-Kreis

The Richelsdorf Hills (German: Richelsdorfer Gebirge) is the name given to a landscape in the German Central Uplands. The terrain is up to 478.2 m above sea level (NHN) high and forms a landscape characterised by mining (copper shale, cobalt, nickel) in the county of Hersfeld-Rotenburg in East Hesse. Despite its German suffix Gebirge ("hill range") these hills are not a true hill range, but a cultural landscape. Locally this also includes the whole surrounding region in the southeast of the Fulda-Werra Uplands; parts of the county of Werra-Meißner-Kreis to the south and the extreme northwest of the Thuringian county of Wartburgkreis are included.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Richelsdorf Hills (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Richelsdorf Hills
Nentershausen

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N 50.996944444444 ° E 9.9258333333333 °
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2
36214 Nentershausen
Hesse, Germany
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Kupferschiefer
Kupferschiefer

The Kupferschiefer (German for Copper Shale, also called Copper Slate) or Kupfermergel (Copper Marl), (T1 or Z1) is an extensive and remarkable sedimentary unit in Central Europe. The relatively monotonous succession is typically 30 to 60 centimetres (12 to 24 in) and maximum 2 metres (6.6 ft) thick, but extends over an area of 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi) across the Southern Permian Basin. The Kupferschiefer can be found in outcrop or in the subsurface straddling six countries, including parts of the southern North Sea. The lateral equivalent outcropping in England is called Marl Slate. Despite its distinctive nature, the Kupferschiefer is not ranked as a formation but is officially declared a sub-unit of the Werra Formation, the lowest formation of the Zechstein Group, overlying the Rotliegend Group. The unit has been dated to 257.3 ± 1.6 Ma, placing it in the Wuchiapingian stage of the Late Permian. The Kupferschiefer comprises black shales, bituminous marls, mudstones and limestones deposited mostly in an open marine setting, with the borders of its extension deposited in a shallow marine environment. At time of deposition, the area what is now northern Europe was covered by an enclosed sea; the Zechstein sea, characterized by anoxic conditions. The Kupferschiefer is renowned for hosting one of the most important copper deposits in the world, which were mined at least since 1199 AD. Other mineral resources found in the unit include zinc, vanadium, lead and silver. The Kupferschiefer is also an important lagerstätte; having provided fossils of early Archosauromorph reptiles, the ancestors to modern crocodiles and extinct dinosaurs, as well as pareiasaurs, many fossil fish, including Coelacanthus granulatus, Dorypterus hoffmanni and Palaeoniscum freieslebeni, flora and other fossils. Famous finds from the unit include Parasaurus geinitzi, Protorosaurus speneri, Weigeltisaurus jaekeli and Glaurung schneideri.