National Observatory of Athens

Melite (Ancient Greek: Μελίτη) was a deme of ancient Attica, located in the city centre of Athens, within the walls erected by Themistocles and to the west of the Acropolis. It included the Agora and the Pnyx. It belonged to the tribe of Kekropis.

Asteroskopeio (Greek: Αστεροσκοπείο, pronounced [a.ste.ɾo.skoˈpio]), meaning 'observatory', is a neighborhood of Athens, Greece. It is located between Thiseio and Nymphon Hill. The neighbourhood named after the National Observatory of Athens that was built in Nymphon Hill in 1842, thanks to donation of rich Greek Georgios Sinas (in Greek asteroskopeio means observatory). Near the hill is located Pnyx.

The Herakleidon Museum is a non-profit cultural organization founded in 2004 by Paul and Anna-Belinda Firos. It consists of two buildings in the district of Thissio, next to the Acropolis, the Ancient Agora and the Temple of Hephaestus. The first building is located at 16 Herakleidon street, and the second one is 150 meters further, at 37 Ap. Pavlou street in Athens.During the first decade of its operation, the museum focused on artistic activities and organized exhibitions with artworks of renowned artists such as M.C. Escher, Victor Vasarely, Carol Wax, Constantin Xenakis, Adolf Luther, Francesco Scavullo, Toulouse-Lautrec, Edgar Degas, Edvard Munch, Sol LeWitt and others. At the same time, a plethora of cultural activities allowed visitors to explore the essence of each artist's perspective. Today, the Herakleidon Museum has evolved into an interactive center of science popularization and a technological museum that focuses on antiquity, with emphasis on the achievements of the ancient Greeks. Based on the philosophy of the educational programs that Greece itself established, such as the triptych of Science, Art and Mathematics, the museum continues to offer original educational programs, inspired by its exhibition "EUREKA, Science, Art and Technology of the Ancient Greeks."

The Pnyx (; Ancient Greek: Πνύξ [pnýks]; Greek: Πνύκα, Pnyka) is a hill in central Athens, the capital of Greece. Beginning as early as 507 BC (Fifth-century Athens), the Athenians gathered on the Pnyx to host their popular assemblies, thus making the hill one of the earliest and most important sites in the creation of democracy. The Pnyx is located less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of the Acropolis and 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) south-west of the Syntagma Square in the centre of Athens.

Thiseio or Thissio (Greek: Θησείο, pronounced [θiˈsio]) is a traditional neighbourhood in downtown Athens, Greece, northwest of the Acropolis, 1.5 km southwest of downtown. The name refers to the Temple of Hephaestus, which was mistakenly known as Thiseion, in reference to Theseus, the mythical king of Athens. The area has many cafés and cultural meeting points. Thiseio is served by the nearby Thiseio metro station.

Agoraios Kolonos (; Ancient Greek: Κολωνός Ἀγοραῖος; Greek: Αγοραίος Κολωνός, meaning "the hill next to the Agora"), located to the south and adjacently situated on a hill near the Temple of Hephaestus, used to be the meeting place of the ancient Athenian craftsmen.

The Strategeion, a trapezoidal chamber located in the Ancient Agora of Athens, Greece, is known as the meeting room of the ten Strategoi of ancient Athens.Having been built atop two ancient graves dating back nearly 2700 years, archaeological indications reveal the presence of a heroic cult dedicated to the hero named "Strategos", a name that was later used as a title for the Athenian generals. The ten Strategoi (including known figures such as Pericles, Aristides, Themistocles, Cleon, and Nicias), who were elected for one year and one for each tribe, used to discuss and take decisions regarding matters of finance, politics and foreign policy.

The city of Athens (Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, Athênai [a.tʰɛ̂ː.nai̯]; Modern Greek: Αθήναι Athine [a.ˈθi.ne̞] or, more commonly and in singular, Αθήνα Athina [a.'θi.na]) during the classical period of ancient Greece (480–323 BC) was the major urban centre of the notable polis (city-state) of the same name, located in Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League. Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Isagoras. This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of Lamian War). The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles. In the classical period, Athens was a centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates, Plato, Pericles, Aristophanes, Sophocles, and many other prominent philosophers, writers and politicians of the ancient world. It is widely referred to as the cradle of Western Civilization, and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC on the rest of the then-known European continent.

Coele or Koile (Ancient Greek: Κοίλη or Κοιλή) was a deme of ancient Attica, originally of the phyle of Hippothontis, and between 307/6 BCE and 201/200 BCE of Demetrias, sending three delegates to the Boule. It was located partially inside and partially outside the Themistoclean Wall. The most important monuments were the tomb of Cimon Coalemos (together with his horses, winners of the Olympics) and of the historian Thucydides. Following these sources, many historians thought that the deme was, at least in part, outside the city walls, since Cicero had written that it was illegal to bury the dead inside the walls. However, archaeological discoveries have shown that only a small part of the deme, that containing the tombs, developed outside the walls. The deme had its own agora. In the Hellenistic period a wall was built to reinforce the defenses of the city through the deme, which was abandoned and used, in Roman times, as a cemetery. The site of Coele is in southwest of the Pnyx.

Thissio (Greek: Σταθμός Θησείου Stathmos Thiseiou) is an Athens Metro Line 1 station, located in Thiseio at 8.603 km (5.346 mi) from Piraeus. It is located in Athens and took its name from the nearby Temple of Hephaestus which is famous as Thiseio. The station was first opened on 27 February 1869 and was renovated in 2004. It has two platforms. Thissio station is the first railway station in the city of Athens, other than the Thissio–Piraeus of today's line 1 of Athens metro and the first railway line other than the range of the Greek government. The station was the furthermost on 17 May 1895, at the time the line ended to Omonoia. Today, its hours routed between Thissio and Ano Patisia.

The Synagogue in the Agora of Athens is an ancient synagogue located in the Ancient Agora of Athens. During an excavation in the summer of 1977, a piece of Pentelic marble apparently once part of a curvilinear frieze over a doorway or niche was discovered a few meters from the northeast corner of the Metroon. The marble fragment is incised with the images of a seven-branched Menorah and a Lulav, or palm branch. The synagogue is thought to date from the period between 267 and 396 CE.

The Temple of Aphrodite Urania (Greek: Βωμός Αφροδίτης Ουρανίας, romanized: Vomós Afrodítis Ouranías) is a temple located north-west of the Ancient Agora of Athens, dedicated to the Greek goddess Aphrodite under her epithet Urania.The temple was built around the early 5th century BC. According to Pausanias, the sanctuary had a marble statue of the deity sculpted by the ancient Greek sculptor Phidias: Above the Kerameikos [in Athens] is a sanctuary of the Aphrodite Ourania (Heavenly); the first men to establish her cult were the Assyrians, after the Assyrians the Paphians of Kypros and the Phoinikians who live at Askalon in Palestine; the Phoinikians taught her worship to the people of Kythera. Among the Athenians the cult was established by Aegeus, who thought that he was childless (he had, in fact, no children at the time) and that his sisters had suffered their misfortune because of the wrath of Aphrodite Ourania (Heavenly). The statue still extant is of Parian marble and is the work of Pheidias. One of the Athenian parishes is that of the Athmoneis, who say that Porphyrion, an earlier king than Aktaios, founded their sanctuary of Ourania. But the traditions current among the Parishes often differ altogether from those of the city. If still in use by the 4th century, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire. There are a few saved stones on the slope of the hill beside the train tracks and near the temple of her husband Hephaestus.