Pnyx

Asteroskopeio (Greek: Αστεροσκοπείο, pronounced [a.ste.ɾo.skoˈpio]), meaning 'observatory', is a neighborhood of Athens, Greece. It is located between Thiseio and Nymphon Hill. The neighbourhood named after the National Observatory of Athens that was built in Nymphon Hill in 1842, thanks to donation of rich Greek Georgios Sinas (in Greek asteroskopeio means observatory). Near the hill is located Pnyx.

The city of Athens (Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, Athênai [a.tʰɛ̂ː.nai̯]; Modern Greek: Αθήναι Athine [a.ˈθi.ne̞] or, more commonly and in singular, Αθήνα Athina [a.'θi.na]) during the classical period of ancient Greece (480–323 BC) was the major urban centre of the notable polis (city-state) of the same name, located in Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League. Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Isagoras. This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of Lamian War). The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles. In the classical period, Athens was a centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates, Plato, Pericles, Aristophanes, Sophocles, and many other prominent philosophers, writers and politicians of the ancient world. It is widely referred to as the cradle of Western Civilization, and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC on the rest of the then-known European continent.

The National Observatory of Athens (NOA; Greek: Εθνικό Αστεροσκοπείο Αθηνών) is a research institute in Athens, Greece. Founded in 1842, it is the oldest research foundation in Greece, as it was the first scientific research institute built after Greece became independent in 1829, and one of the oldest research institutes in Southern Europe.

Coele or Koile (Ancient Greek: Κοίλη or Κοιλή) was a deme of ancient Attica, originally of the phyle of Hippothontis, and between 307/6 BCE and 201/200 BCE of Demetrias, sending three delegates to the Boule. It was located partially inside and partially outside the Themistoclean Wall. The most important monuments were the tomb of Cimon Coalemos (together with his horses, winners of the Olympics) and of the historian Thucydides. Following these sources, many historians thought that the deme was, at least in part, outside the city walls, since Cicero had written that it was illegal to bury the dead inside the walls. However, archaeological discoveries have shown that only a small part of the deme, that containing the tombs, developed outside the walls. The deme had its own agora. In the Hellenistic period a wall was built to reinforce the defenses of the city through the deme, which was abandoned and used, in Roman times, as a cemetery. The site of Coele is in southwest of the Pnyx.

Melite (Ancient Greek: Μελίτη) was a deme of ancient Attica, located in the city centre of Athens, within the walls erected by Themistocles and to the west of the Acropolis. It included the Agora and the Pnyx. It belonged to the tribe of Kekropis.

Agoraios Kolonos (; Ancient Greek: Κολωνός Ἀγοραῖος; Greek: Αγοραίος Κολωνός, meaning "the hill next to the Agora"), located to the south and adjacently situated on a hill near the Temple of Hephaestus, used to be the meeting place of the ancient Athenian craftsmen.

The Herakleidon Museum is a non-profit cultural organization founded in 2004 by Paul and Anna-Belinda Firos. It consists of two buildings in the district of Thissio, next to the Acropolis, the Ancient Agora and the Temple of Hephaestus. The first building is located at 16 Herakleidon street, and the second one is 150 meters further, at 37 Ap. Pavlou street in Athens.During the first decade of its operation, the museum focused on artistic activities and organized exhibitions with artworks of renowned artists such as M.C. Escher, Victor Vasarely, Carol Wax, Constantin Xenakis, Adolf Luther, Francesco Scavullo, Toulouse-Lautrec, Edgar Degas, Edvard Munch, Sol LeWitt and others. At the same time, a plethora of cultural activities allowed visitors to explore the essence of each artist's perspective. Today, the Herakleidon Museum has evolved into an interactive center of science popularization and a technological museum that focuses on antiquity, with emphasis on the achievements of the ancient Greeks. Based on the philosophy of the educational programs that Greece itself established, such as the triptych of Science, Art and Mathematics, the museum continues to offer original educational programs, inspired by its exhibition "EUREKA, Science, Art and Technology of the Ancient Greeks."

The Strategeion, a trapezoidal chamber located in the Ancient Agora of Athens, Greece, is known as the meeting room of the ten Strategoi of ancient Athens.Having been built atop two ancient graves dating back nearly 2700 years, archaeological indications reveal the presence of a heroic cult dedicated to the hero named "Strategos", a name that was later used as a title for the Athenian generals. The ten Strategoi (including known figures such as Pericles, Aristides, Themistocles, Cleon, and Nicias), who were elected for one year and one for each tribe, used to discuss and take decisions regarding matters of finance, politics and foreign policy.

The Synagogue in the Agora of Athens is an ancient synagogue located in the Ancient Agora of Athens. During an excavation in the summer of 1977, a piece of Pentelic marble apparently once part of a curvilinear frieze over a doorway or niche was discovered a few meters from the northeast corner of the Metroon. The marble fragment is incised with the images of a seven-branched Menorah and a Lulav, or palm branch. The synagogue is thought to date from the period between 267 and 396 CE.

The Areopagus () is a prominent rock outcropping located northwest of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. Its English name is the Late Latin composite form of the Greek name Areios Pagos, translated "Hill of Ares" (Ancient Greek: Ἄρειος Πάγος). The name Areopagus also referred, in classical times, to the Athenian governing council, later restricted to the Athenian judicial council or court that tried cases of deliberate homicide, wounding and religious matters, as well as cases involving arson of olive trees, because they convened in this location. The war god Ares was supposed to have been tried by the other gods on the Areopagus for the murder of Poseidon's son Halirrhothius (a typical example of an aetiological myth).

The ancient Agora of Athens (also called the Classical Agora) is the best-known example of an ancient Greek agora, located to the northwest of the Acropolis and bounded on the south by the hill of the Areopagus and on the west by the hill known as the Agoraios Kolonos, also called Market Hill. The Agora's initial use was for a commercial, assembly, or residential gathering place.

The Monument of the Eponymous Heroes, located in the Ancient Agora of Athens, Greece and adjacently situated near the Metroon (old Bouleuterion), was a marble podium that bore the bronze statues of the ten heroes representing the tribes of Athens. Being an important information center for the ancient Athenians, it was used as a monument where proposed legislation, decrees and announcements were posted.