Lyman and Asenath Hoyt House

Lancaster is an unincorporated community in Lancaster Township, Jefferson County, Indiana.

Eleutherian College, founded as Eleutherian Institute in 1848, was a school founded by local anti-slavery Baptists at Lancaster in Jefferson County. The institute's name comes from the Greek word eleutheros, meaning "freedom and equality." The school admitted students without regard to ethnicity or gender, including freed and fugitive slaves. Its first classes began offering secondary school instruction on November 27, 1848. The school was renamed Eleutherian College in 1854, when it began offering college-level coursework. It closed in 1874 and its main building was used for a private normal school and then a public high school. It is now home to a non-profit group. The school was the second college in the United States west of the Allegheny Mountains and the first in Indiana to provide education to students of different colors. The restored three-story stone chapel and classroom building was constructed between 1853 and 1856 and presently serves as a local history museum. The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997, In the decade before the American Civil War, African-American students comprised approximately one quarter to one third of the institute's total enrollment, with its peak years between 1855 and 1861. At one time during this period its enrollment reached 150 students; however, attendance soon declined and no black students were enrolled at the school after 1861. During the Civil War the college's grounds were used for military training and its main building were used for meetings and concerts. The college closed in 1874, but the main building was used as a private high school and teachers' training school until 1887, when the Lancaster township trustees purchased the building for use as a public school, which closed in 1938. Historic Madison, a Jefferson County preservation organization, received the school as a gift in 1973 and sold it to its present owners in 1990. The new owners formed Historic Eleutherian College Inc., a non-profit group, in 1996. The main building has been restored to reflect an 1850s-era appearance.

Lancaster Township is one of ten townships in Jefferson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,494 (down from 1,511 at 2010) and it contained 610 housing units.

Smyrna Township is one of ten townships in Jefferson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,116 and it contained 453 housing units. Created on June 16, 1847 by the Jefferson County Commissioners, Smyrna was the last of Jefferson County's 10 townships to be formed. It is largely rural with only small unincorporated areas as population centers. No post offices operate in the township. The following post offices once operated in the township: Creswell (May 29, 1856-Nov. 30, 1892) and (June 6, 1893-Sept. 13, 1902); Volga (May 29, 1856 – July 14, 1904); Wakefield (July 8, 1899-Feb. 15, 1905). 6.

Volga is an unincorporated community in Smyrna Township, Jefferson County, Indiana. The name's origin is not known with certainty, but is believed to have been adopted from Volga in Russia.

Middlefork is an unincorporated community in Lancaster Township, Jefferson County, Indiana. The community took its name from the Middle Fork Creek.

Dupont is a town in Lancaster Township, Jefferson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Dupont had a population of 343.

Smyrna is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Indiana, in the United States. It is also called Creswell. A post office called Creswell operated from 1869 until 1902.

Wirt is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Indiana, in the United States. A post office was established at Wirt in 1834. The community was named for William Wirt, a pioneer.

Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 33,147. The county seat is Madison.

Oakdale School, also known as Building 401, is a historic one-room school building located within Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge (formerly Jefferson Proving Ground) in Monroe Township, Jefferson County, Indiana. It was built in 1869, and is a one-story, rectangular limestone building. It measures 24 feet wide and 30 feet deep, and has a front gable roof. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Kent is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Republican Township, Jefferson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 70.