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York City War Memorial

1925 establishments in England1925 sculpturesBuildings and structures completed in 1925Grade II* listed buildings in YorkGrade II* listed monuments and memorials
Monuments and memorials in North YorkshireOutdoor sculptures in EnglandStone sculptures in the United KingdomUse British English from December 2016War memorials by Edwin LutyensWorks of Edwin Lutyens in EnglandWorld War II memorials in EnglandWorld War I memorials in England
War memorial, York DSC07862
War memorial, York DSC07862

The York City War Memorial is a First World War memorial designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and located in York in the north of England. Proposals for commemorating York's war dead originated in 1919 but proved controversial. Initial discussions focused on whether a memorial should be a monument or should take on some utilitarian purpose. Several functional proposals were examined until a public meeting in January 1920 opted for a monument. The city engineer produced a cost estimate and the war memorial committee engaged Lutyens, who had recently been commissioned by the North Eastern Railway (NER) to design their own war memorial, also to be sited in York. Lutyens' first design was approved, but controversy enveloped proposals for both the city's and the NER's memorials. Members of the local community became concerned that the memorials as planned were not in keeping with York's existing architecture, especially as both were in close proximity to the ancient city walls, and that the NER's memorial would overshadow the city's. Continued public opposition forced the committee to abandon the proposed site in favour of one on Leeman Road, just outside the walls, and Lutyens submitted a new design of a War Cross and Stone of Remembrance to fit the location. This was scaled back to the cross alone due to lack of funds. Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), unveiled the memorial on 25 June 1925, six years after the memorial fund was opened. It consists of a stone cross 33 feet (10 metres) high on three stone blocks and a stone base, beneath which are two further blocks and two shallow steps. It sits in a memorial garden, with an entrance designed by Lutyens using the remaining funds for the memorial. The memorial itself is a grade II* listed building, having been upgraded when Lutyens' war memorials were designated a national collection in 2015. The piers and gate at the entrance to the garden are listed separately at grade II.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article York City War Memorial (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

York City War Memorial
Leeman Road, York Bishophill

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Latitude Longitude
N 53.959916666667 ° E -1.0895555555556 °
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Memorial Gardens

Leeman Road
YO1 6FZ York, Bishophill
England, United Kingdom
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War memorial, York DSC07862
War memorial, York DSC07862
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North Eastern Railway War Memorial
North Eastern Railway War Memorial

The North Eastern Railway War Memorial is a First World War memorial in York in northern England. It was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens to commemorate employees of the North Eastern Railway (NER) who left to fight in the First World War and were killed while serving. The NER board voted in early 1920 to allocate £20,000 for a memorial and commissioned Lutyens. The committee for the York City War Memorial followed suit and also appointed Lutyens, but both schemes became embroiled in controversy. Concerns were raised from within the community about the effect of the NER memorial on the city walls and its impact on the proposed scheme for the city's war memorial, given that the two memorials were planned to be 100 yards (90 metres) apart and the city's budget was a tenth of the NER's. The controversy was resolved after Lutyens modified his plans for the NER memorial to move it away from the walls and the city opted for a revised scheme on land just outside the walls; coincidentally the land was owned by the NER, whose board donated it to the city. The NER memorial was unveiled on 14 June 1924 by Field Marshal Lord Plumer. It consists of a 54-foot (16-metre) high obelisk which rises from the rear portion of a three-sided screen wall. The wall forms a recess in which stands Lutyens' characteristic Stone of Remembrance. The wall itself is decorated with several carved swags and wreaths, including a wreath surrounding the NER's coat of arms at the base of the obelisk. The memorial is a grade II* listed building, and is part of a "national collection" of Lutyens' war memorials.

York Museum Gardens
York Museum Gardens

The York Museum Gardens are botanic gardens in the centre of York, England, beside the River Ouse. They cover an area of 10 acres (4.0 ha) of the former grounds of St Mary's Abbey, and were created in the 1830s by the Yorkshire Philosophical Society along with the Yorkshire Museum which they contain. The gardens are held in trust by the City of York Council and are managed by the York Museums Trust. They were designed in a gardenesque style by landscape architect Sir John Murray Naysmith, and contain a variety of species of plants, trees and birds. Admission is free. A variety of events take place in the gardens, such as open-air theatre performances and festival activities. There are several historic buildings in the gardens. They contain the remains of the west corner of the Roman fort of Eboracum, including the Multangular Tower and parts of the Roman walls. In the same area there is also the Anglian Tower, which was probably built into the remains of a late Roman period fortress. During the Middle Ages, the tower was expanded and the Roman walls were incorporated into York's city walls. Most of the other buildings dating from the Middle Ages are associated with St Mary's Abbey, including the ruins of the abbey church, the Hospitium, the lodge and part of the surviving precinct wall. The remains of St. Leonard's Hospital chapel and undercroft are on the east side of the gardens. The Yorkshire Philosophical Society constructed several buildings in the gardens during the 19th and early 20th century, including the Yorkshire Museum and its octagonal observatory. The museum houses four permanent collections, covering biology, geology, archaeology and astronomy.

Roots (restaurant)
Roots (restaurant)

Roots is a restaurant on Marygate, just north of the city centre of York in England. The building was constructed as the Bay Horse public house between 1893 and 1894. It replaced an earlier pub of the same name, which was on the opposite side of the road. It was designed by Walter and Arthur Penty. From 1951 until 1986, it was run by Eve and Arthur Briggs. It closed in 2004, at which time it was owned by Wolverhampton and Dudley Breweries. In 2007, the brewery proposed converted the building into an office with flats above; however, it instead reopened as a pub in 2008.In 2018, chef Tommy Banks and restaurateur Matthew Lockwood converted the building into a restaurant, named "Roots", which focuses on local produce and self-sufficiency. This became the first restaurant in the city to win a Michelin star, in 2021. The two-storey building is Grade II listed. It is built of brick, with the first floor partly tile-hung, and partly covered with timber-framing. The ground floor windows and doors are surrounded by stone, and the roof is tiled. All three bays of the Marygate front are gabled; there is a half-octagonal tower at the right-hand side, and a central porch with a round arch. Above the door is a panel which reads "BUILT 1894". Most windows are mullioned and transomed, with some on the first floor diamond-paned. Inside, the basic room arrangement survives, although some walls were removed in the 20th century. Original features include the bar and two timber fireplaces, one of which has a carved panel above depicted a bay horse and dated 1898.

The Garth
The Garth

The Garth is a historic building on Marygate, immediately north of the city centre of York, in England. The building was constructed in 1705, as the Grey Coat School, a charity school for girls. It accommodated up to 40 girls, who were fed, clothed and housed, and trained for domestic service. The school moved to Monkgate in 1784. In the late 19th century, the building was partly reconstructed, with many of the windows relocated. The building was later divided into flats, with many of the larger rooms subdivided. The north-west end of the building is now a separate property, known as "Little Garth", and a small part of the building has been incorporated into the neighbouring St Mary's Cottage. The building was Grade II listed in 1971. The building has an L-shaped plan. The central part of the building is three storeys high, while the right hand wing is three storeys with an attic, and the left hand wing is two storeys with an attic. The building is constructed of brick, with a pantiled roof. The windows are in a variety of styles, and include a large oriel window in the centre of the first floor, and oculus windows to the attics. Above one of the doors to Marygate is part of a carved bargeboard, which is said to date from 1635 and have been relocated from a house on High Ousegate. The facade on Marygate Lane retains some original windows, and the left-hand facade has an original entrance door. No early features survive inside the building.